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Summary NUR 320 Exam 3 Study Guide
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- Denver School Of Nursing
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Exam #3 Study GuideChapter 34 (Human Sexuality)
Know most common signs of symptoms of STI’s and that not all people have them
Symptoms sometimes absent or go unnoticed
Common symptoms:
o Discharge from vagina, penis, anus, or throat
o Pain during sex or when urinating
o Unexplained rash or lesions
Know that sexuality continues across the lifespan
Infancy & early childhood:
o ID’s with parent or caregiver of same sex, develops complementary relationship
with parent of opposite sex
o Become aware of differences between sexes
o Perceive if ID as male or female
o Interpret others behaviors as socially consistent with binary categories of male or
female
School-Age
o Often segregate by sex
o Have questions regarding physical and emotional aspects of sex
Puberty/Adolescence
o Pre-adolescence: increased sexual interest
o Adolescence – explore identity and primary sexual orientation
Young Adulthood
o Continue to explore and mature emotionally in relationships
Middle adulthood
o Changes in appearance lead to concern about sexual attractiveness
o Changes related to aging affect sexual fxning
levels estrogen in perimenopausal women diminished vaginal
lubrication & decreased vaginal elasticity dyspareunia (pain during
intercourse) & decreased desire for sexual activity
Increase in postejaculatory refraction period and delayed ejaculation
o Intimate relationships change with children leaving home
Older adulthood
o Positive correlation between sexual activity and physical health
o Issues often r/t illnesses and med side effects
o At risk for contracting STI’s – don’t practice safe sex because no risk of pregnancy
Think about BEST contraceptive choices for people with multiple partners
Latex condom – prevention of pregnancy and STI’s
Having open, honest conversations about sexual practices, history, partners, etc.
,What can nurses do become comfortable talking about sexual health with their patients
Be aware of personal beliefs before discussing sex with pts
Need a plan to address any discomfort
Have a positive, matter-of-fact approach
Do not convey negative feelings to a pt
Know the various STIs which ones are curable, which are not, what is the most common in the
U.S.
Curable (usually): infections caused by bacteria, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis,
and pelvic inflammatory disease treat with antibiotics for full course of treatment
o some bacterial infections (i.e. gonorrhea & syphilis) developing antibiotic
resistant strains
Incurable: infections caused by viruses such as genital herpes, human papillomavirus
(HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
o Bloodborne, present in most body fluids transmission with exchange of body
fluid
o 3 stages:
Primary: ~ one month after contracting, flulike symptoms
Clinical latency phase: no symptoms, antibodies appear in blood ~6 weeks
– 3 months after infection
AIDS: when person begins to show symptoms of disease
o Primary transmission routes: contaminated needles, anal intercourse, vaginal
intercourse, oral-genital sex, transfusion of blood products
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
o Most common in United States
o Genital warts
o Spread through direct contact with warts, semen, other fluids
o Can cause cancer
Chlamydia
o Bacterial
o Causes infertility, pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID), & neonatal complications
(conjunctivitis and pneumonia)
Nurses must report suspected abuse of children and seniors to the proper authorities
mandated reporters!
Table 34.4 Illnesses and Medications that effect sexual health of men and women
Illnesses
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cancer (e.g., prostate, breast, colon, ovarian, testicular, rectal)
• Neuropathy
, • Spina bifida
• Spinal cord injury
• Heart disease (e.g., unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection
• Substance abuse
• Depression
• Anxiety
Medications
• Antibiotics and antivirals
• Antihyperlipidemics
• Antihypertensives
• Antiglycemics
• Antiarthritics
• Antiparkinsons
• Analgesics
• Antidepressives
• Anxiolytics
• Antipsychotics
• Diuretics
Assessment
Sexual health hx
o Discuss how meds, treatments, and surgical procedures influence sexual
relationship – pt may not bring up
Sexual dysfxn
o Many illnesses, injuries, meds, and aging changes have negative effect on sexual
health
Physical assessment
o Teach breast and testicular self-exam
Planning
Interventions focus on supporting patients’ need for intimacy and sexual activity
Patients often feel overwhelmed/hopeless about returning to previous level of sexual
fxning
Usually need time to adapt to physical and psychological changes that affect sexuality
and sexual health
Implementation
Primary – health promotion
o Annual exams – opportunity to discuss contraception and safe sex practices
Secondary – acute care
o Illness and surgery create situational stressors that often affect sexuality
Tertiary – restorative & continuing care
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