NUR 504 Exam 1 Cardiac fully solved & updated(graded A+).

NUR 504 Exam 1: Cardiac fully
solved & updated(graded A+)
diastole: - answer relaxation and filling of the atria and ventricles


systole: - answer contraction and emptying of the atria and
ventricles


cardiac output is an indicator of .... - answer perfusions status


Hemodynamic monitoring's main goal is to prevent ____________ -
answer organ failure


-hemodynamic monitoring monitors movements and pressures of
blood flow within blood vessels


Mean arterial pressure (MAP): - answer -best indicator of cardiac
output and is noninvasive


-normal MAP: 70-100 mmHg


-MAP of at least 60 mmHg is necessary for adequate cerebral
perfusions


mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculation: - answer MAP = SBP +
2(DBP)
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3


T-P-R-BP-02 - answer T-measures temperature of the environment

,-if temp is too high --> pulse increases and body demands more O2
-if temp is too low --> pulse slows


P - rate of O2 carrying RBCs which carry oxygen needed for
profusion
-if too slow --> body is delivering enough oxygen
-if too fast --> most likely isn't delivering enough oxygen and
decreased perfusion will occur


R - measures amount of O2 to lungs
-RR to low --> not enough oxygen
-RR to fast --> decreased perfusion


BP - measures PERFUSION
-too high --> vessels are narrow/ volume is high and backed up
-too low --> vessels are open, but there is little force to push O2
into tissue


O2 - measures gas exchange from the lungs to RBCs
-high --> lots of full RBCs
-low --> partially empty RBCs or decreased amount of RBCs


pulse pressure (PP): - answer indirect measurement of cardiac
output (has to do with stiffness/ flexibility of arteries)


-normal : 40-60
-wide PP > 60 mmHg (indicates arterial stiffness)
-narrow PP < 40 mmHg (heart is not pumping as much blood as it
should)

,pulse pressure (PP) calculation: - answer SBP -DBP


how many hemoglobin are in 1 RBC? - answer 4


indications for arterial lines: - answer -comfort
-frequent ABGs
-lab draws
-real time BP and MAP monitoring (the most accurate measurement)
-accuracy


when a patient has an arterial line what position do they need to be
in? - answer supine


what are non tunneled central lines used for? - answer -short term
with no cuff
-placed at bedside


what are tunneled central lines used for? - answer -surgically placed
for long term use
-less risk for infection


where can central lines be placed? - answer -internal jugular (IJ)
-subclavian
-femoral


indications for use for central lines: - answer -vesicant drugs (drugs
that are caustic like chemo)
-drugs / titration
-fluids/ blood volumes

, -hemodialysis
-poor vascular access
-hemodynamic monitoring


central venous pressure monitoring (CVP): - answer - BP in vena
cava/ right atrium
-normal value --> 3-8cm H2O or 2-6 mmHg
- measures right ventricular function and venous return tot he right
side of the heart


potential complications for CVP: - answer CLABSI --> central line
associated bloodstream infection
-monitor WBCs
-dx with blood culture as well as lab values


Bleeding
-monitor H&H and platelets


Pneumothorax/ hemothorax
-if the lines shift they can puncture other vessels
-will see tracheal deviation


Misplacement


Embolism


Pathway of cardiac electrical activity: - answer 1. SA node
(pacemaker node)
2. SV node