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BIO 353 cell bio exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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BIO 353 cell bio exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass The break down of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy present in glucose. The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate molecules. In the presence of oxygen, acting as an electron acceptor, comple...

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  • January 23, 2025
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BIO 353 cell bio exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass

The break down of glucose into pyruvate releases less than 25% of the total energy

present in glucose. The remaining energy is stored in the resulting (2) pyruvate

molecules.




In the presence of oxygen, acting as an electron acceptor, complete substrate oxidation

is possible.




______ is defined as "the oxidation driven flow of electrons, through or within a

membrane, from reduced coenzymes to an electron acceptor, usually accompanied by

the generation of ATP."




The reduced cofactors crucial to electron transport are NADH and FADH2. -

✔✔Respiration


Respiration has 4 stages



Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1

,______


Splits glucose into pyruvate, generates 2 and 2 NADH in the cytosol.




The TCA cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Crebs cycle)


Oxidizes pyruvate to _____ in the mitochondrial matrix.


Completely oxidizes acetyl CoA to ____.


Conserves energy as reduced coenzyme molecules NADH, FADH2 (which have high

energy electrons)




Electron transport


____ and ____ donate and transfer electrons through a series of carriers to O^2 ,

releasing energy in each transfer step.


The energy is used to actively transport or "pump" protons across a membrane to

generate an ______ ____ gradient.




ATP synthesis




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2

,Uses the proton gradient as energy to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthetase. -

✔✔Glycolysis


acetyl CoA


NADH


FADH2


electrochemical


proton


The Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid or Krebs Cycle




The cycle takes place in the _____ matrix. Pyruvates need to be actively transported

(pumped) from the cytosol through mitochondrial inner membrane




_____ then undergoes oxidative ______ to form acetyl-CoA. ___ NADH is also

produced.




The acetate group carried by CoA enters the cycle by being transferred to a 4-carbon

dicarboxylic acid called ______ to make ____ ____ - a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid

(TCA) (step 1).



Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3

, •Citrate is then isomerized to isocitrate by the aconitase enzyme (step 2).




•Steps 3 and 4 successive ___ ____ reactions follow. Each of which produces ____

reduced coenzyme ____ and releases one CO2, yielding a 4-carbon product bound to

CoA (succinyl-Co-A). - ✔✔mitochondrial


Pyruvate


oxidative


decarboxylation


One


oxaloacetate


citric acid


oxidative decarboxylation


one


NADH


The Citric Acid Cycle




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4

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