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BIO 353 Study Guide exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass The cell - The basic unit of structure and function in living things What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - nucleus nucleolus ribosomes smooth ER rough ER mitochondria What are the 3 major disciplin...

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  • January 23, 2025
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KatelynWhitman
BIO 353 Study Guide exam 1
Questions and Answers 100% Pass


The cell - ✔✔The basic unit of structure and function in living things


What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔nucleus


nucleolus


ribosomes


smooth ER


rough ER


mitochondria


What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? - ✔✔bioimaging


biochemistry


mol. biology/genetics


What is light microscopy? - ✔✔visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce

a magnified image




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1

,What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - ✔✔.2 nm


Define resolution - ✔✔Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image


Define magnification - ✔✔the ratio of an object's image size to its real size


what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - ✔✔ability to image

LIVE cells


State of cells when using amplitude contrast - ✔✔fixed/dead


Describe amplitude contrast - ✔✔a form of contrast generated by the absorption of

selective wave lengths from the visible light spectrum


Describe phase contrast microscopy - ✔✔dependent on light refraction


contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities


State of cells when using phase contrast? - ✔✔living


epifluorescence microscopy - ✔✔detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that

are MADE fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker


indirect immunofluorescence - ✔✔i. cells/tissues fixed


ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)


iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2

, What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct

method)? - ✔✔Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the

corresponding antigen on the target protein


Whats the advantage of using GFP? - ✔✔cells are ALIVE


What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? - ✔✔harmless dyes used to stain living

tissue for observation


confocal microscopy - ✔✔a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to

make two- and three-dimensional images


Advantages of confocal microscopy - ✔✔increased clarity of images and resolution


What is electron microscopy? - ✔✔technique used for obtaining high resolution images

of specimens


transmission electron microscope - ✔✔used to study the internal structure of cells


Advantage of electron microscope - ✔✔shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased

resolution and magnification


Disadvantage of electron microscopes - ✔✔cannot view living things- life is not

compatible with vacuum


Electron tomography - ✔✔provides highest and most accurate 3-D resolution for

ultrasound studies



Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3

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