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PHARMACOLOGY - COMLEX LEVEL 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE!!.

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  • COMLEX
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  • COMLEX

The COMLEX-USA (Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States) is a series of standardized medical board exams designed for osteopathic medical students and physicians. Administered by the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME), it evaluates candidate...

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  • January 23, 2025
  • 33
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • COMLEX
  • COMLEX
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Q&A


PHARMACOLOGY - COMLEX LEVEL 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE!!


What is the definition of a hypertensive emergency? - Answers HTN
>180/120

End organ damage



i.e. elevated BUN and Cr, altered mental status



Drugs used for hypertensive emergency - Answers Nitroprusside



Fenoldopam



labetalol



clevidipine



nicardipine



MOA of nitroprusside - Answers short acting vasodilator that
increases cGMP by directly releasing NO from the endothelium

, Q&A

AE of nitroprusside - Answers cyanide toxicity



What's the foal of treatment of hypertensive emergencies? - Answers
Lower BP by 25% and maintain diastolic BP at no less than 100-110 mmHg



Names of bisphosphonate drugs - Answers "-onates"



Alendronate

ibandronate

ridedronate

zoledronate



MOA of bisphosphonates - Answers Bind calcium (hydroxyapetite)
in bone AND inhibit osteoclast activity



Clinical use of bisphosphonates - Answers Osteoporosis,
hypercalcemia, Paget disease of bone, metastatic bone disease,
osteogenesis imperfecta



AEs of bisphosphonates - Answers Esophagitis

**if take orally, stay upright for 30 min and take fasted in the AM with water
only



Indication for typical antipsychotics - Answers Schizophrenia

, Q&A

Bipolar

Tourrettes

OCd

Huntington's



Names of typical antipsychotics - Answers Haloperidol



Chlorpromazine ("-azines")



MOA of typical antipsychotic medications - Answers Potent D2
(dopamine) receptor blockers



Increase cAMP



Main AEs of typical antipsychotics - Answers Hyperprolactinemia -->
galactorhhea, oligomenorrhea, gynecomastia



QT prolongation



ADAPT:

Acute dystonia (muscle spasms or stiffness)

Akasthisia (restless, uncontrollable need to move)

Parkinsonism (bradykinesia, mask-like facies, drooling, tremor)

, Q&A

Tardive Dyskinesia (involuntary twisting, worm like movements, disabling,
irreversible -- late effect)



*Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome*



What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answers fever, muscles
rigid, confusion, dysrhythmias, BP fluctuation



stop drug ASAP



happens bc of typical antipsychotic haloperidol --> blocking D2 receptor
induces massive glutamate release @ synapse --> catatonia, neurotoxicity,
myotoxicity



Atypical antipsychotics & their MOA - Answers -apines

-idones



Clozapine, Aripiprazole, Asenapine, Lurasidone



Potent blocker of 5-HT2A and partial blocker of D2 receptor



AEs of atypical antipsychotics - Answers Hyperprolactinemia

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