CSB329- lecture 1- Developmental models and cell-based therapeutics
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Course
CSB329 (CSB329)
Institution
University Of Toronto (U Of T
)
Self-typed class notes generated from Lecture 1 of CSB329 H1F from University of Toronto
Taught by Dr. Sakthi Moorthy, Dept. of Cell and Systems Biology
• Stem cell potency and various potentials
o Definition: a cell in a body that can differentiate into any cell type depending on
the potency
o has 3 general properties of stem cells:
§ unspecialized cells
§ self-renewal capacity through cell division, remaining stem cell property
§ can differentiate : can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells
with special function
§ Precursor cell -intermediate cell with the capacity to differentiate into only
ONE cell type
§ Hierarchy of stem cells
§ * potency- more potent -> more number of different cell types is
reflective of the potency of the stem cell
§ Totipotent: can generate a complete embryo (either trophoblast
cells / inner cell mass cells)
§ Pluripotent: unspecialized cells that can make any tissue in the
body, but not he extra embryonic tissues
§ Multipotent: give rise to multi cell types
§ e.g. HSC- all blood and immune cells,
§ e.g. Mesenchymal stem cells- to bone and cartilage and
nother connective tissue
§ e.g. ASC- found in many itssue of the body
§ Bipotent: give rise to 2 cell types,
§ e.g. LPC -> into T cell or B cells
§ Unipotent: give rise to 1 cell type
§ eg. basal cell keratinocytes
• Discovery of Stem cells -timelines
o using 4 transcription fators
§ iPSC- induced Pluriportent Stem cells (OCT4, SOX2, C-MYC, KIF4)
§ hiPSC- human induced Pluripotent Stem cells ( OCT4, SOX2, NANOG,
LIN28)
o bring into clinical trials, e.g. spinal cord injury, hESC therapy for blindness
o to find half-time of stem cells and lineage determination- BrdU
o Immortal Strand Hypothesis - dividing AdultSC always retain the older strand
§ error happen in the differentiating cells, there are fewer error in the
daughter cell
§ 2007- people oppose this hypothesis, HSC depends on , it can maintain the
o Intestinal Stem Cell Niche- villus, crypt Paneth cell, differentiate to form
proliferative progenitors and to differentiated cells (goblet cells, enteroendocrine
cells, absorptive epithelial cells)
§ using brdU -> ISC and transient amplifying cells
§ functional ISC transfer the DNA into asymmetrically dividing daughter
cells
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