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EDMG 501 Assessing the Coordination of Local Fire Departments with FEMA Under the Stafford Act During Large-Scale Disasters |Latest Update with complete solution $16.49
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EDMG 501 Assessing the Coordination of Local Fire Departments with FEMA Under the Stafford Act During Large-Scale Disasters |Latest Update with complete solution

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EDMG 501 Assessing the Coordination of Local Fire Departments with FEMA Under the Stafford Act During Large-Scale Disasters |Latest Update with complete solution

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EDMG 501 Assessing the Coordination of Local Fire Departments with FEMA
Under the Stafford Act During Large-Scale Disasters |Latest Update with
complete solution




Assessing the Coordination of Local Fire Departments with FEMA Under the Stafford Act

During Large-Scale Disasters




Anthony Hinds

American Public University

Professor Len Clark

EDMG 501: Emergency Management and Public Law

November 25, 2024

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Introduction


As the frequency and intensity of large-scale disasters increase, the need for robust

coordination between federal and local agencies increases to do the same for adequate response and

recovery efforts. The United States State's Stafford Act is examined as a cornerstone of emergency

management law and its importance in allowing collaboration between the Federal Emergency

Management Agency (FEMA) and local fire departments concerning significant disaster response.

This paper analyzes if the Stafford Act influences the mechanisms for operational coordination,

resource distribution, and general effectivity of disaster response by outlining how the Act governs

federal disaster assistance. This analysis is essential because it helps identify the Act's strengths

and weaknesses, especially about the unique problems of local fire departments that are often the

first responders to disaster situations.


This paper investigates How the Stafford Act allows or prevents coordination between

FEMA and local fire departments. The Stafford Act offers significantly improved disaster response

coordination in resource allocation, operational frameworks, and the promotion of federal-local

partnerships. Nevertheless, specific policy gaps, as well as understanding implementation

challenges, restrict the full potential of the initiative, especially in addressing the dynamic needs of

local fire departments during crises.


A mixed approach of literature review and case study analysis is employed in the research,

from McIntyre and Strother's (2023) detailed examination of how the Stafford Act's framework

shapes FEMA's coordination with local agencies —Fire Departments in particular. This analysis

will be contextualized from additional perspectives from Kumari (2022) and other sources on inter-

agency cooperation and technological and operational advancement. Finally, practical

, 3


applications, successes, and gaps in the Act will be further underscored using illustrative case

studies from recent large-scale disasters. This methodology focuses on evaluating the Stafford Act

within the context of today's dramatic changes in the emergency management landscape.


Historical Context and Overview of the Stafford Act


Origins and Development of the Stafford Act


Drafted initially as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of

1988, the Stafford Act is the strongest of the acts providing for federal disaster assistance. The

provisions in their roots go back to earlier legislation, such as the Disaster Relief Act of 1974,

which was intended to consolidate federal disaster aid and set up more apparent means of

intergovernmental coordination. Together, the Stafford Act concluded efforts to help strengthen

collaboration between federal, state, and local agencies in disaster response and recovery (Sylves,

2021). Changes to the Act over time have reflected changing disaster management challenges,

notably in terms of more frequent large-scale emergencies such as those resulting from hurricanes,

floods, and terrorist incidents.


The earliest cases of federal-local cooperation manifesting under the Stafford Act provide

an illustrative example of the Act's foundational intent to minimize the failures that defined ad hoc

disaster responses. For instance, after Hurricane Hugo in 1989 and the Northridge Earthquake in

1994, the Act's provisions permitted the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to

allocate resources quickly. They set the groundwork for government and local responders to act in

concert (Sylves, 2021). The events emphasized the need for some form of a legal structure to

accumulate resources, communicate, and unify operations rapidly.

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