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Test Bank File - Neuroscience Fundamentals for Rehabilitation,Lundy-Ekman,4e

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Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 1
Test Bank Questions 4e

In the swirling mists of twilight, echoes of forgotten whispers danced with the reluctant shadows that
clung hesitantly to the fading light. Beyond the horizon, where dreams meld with the tapestry of
reality, a silent breeze carried tales of yesteryear, weaving intricate patterns of nonsensical charm
through the air. Leaves, painted with the hues of an undecided autumn, fluttered without purpose,
chasing the elusive scent of rain yet to fall. Amidst this ballet of chaos, a clock ticked relentlessly,
marking time in a room where time itself seemed to hesitate, pondering its own existence.

The sky, a canvas of brooding thoughts, shifted colors with the whims of a temperamental artist,
casting spells of indigo and hints of weary lavender across its vast expanse. Somewhere in the
distance, a door creaked open, releasing whispers of a tune that no one could remember starting, and
yet, it lingered as if it had always been part of the wind. Underneath the canopy of a bewildered
moon, shadows whispered to the stars, sharing secrets not meant for the daylight, crafting stories
spun from the fabric of the fantastical and the mundane, intertwined in an endless waltz of the
beautifully absurd.

Ch: 1: Introduction ‘to’ Neuroscience

Test Bank Questions

1. Which one of’ _the_ following studies is an example of’ systems level neuroscience?
A. A study investigating _the_ action of’ _the_ neurotransmitter dopamine in _the_ temporal lobes of’
rodents
B. A study investigating _the_ effect of’ impaired memory on walking performance
C. A study investigating how autonomic nerves influences baroreceptors in _the_ vasculature
D. A study investigating _the_ differential effects of’ vestibular ‘and’ proprioceptive impairments on
balance in those who have had a stroke

ANSWER:: C
WHY? Systems level neuroscience is concerned ‘with’ groups of’ cells in _the_ nervous system that
perform a common function ‘and’ how _the_se cells interact ‘with’ o_the_r body systems. O_the_r levels
of’ neuroscience include _the_ molecular level, which investigates _the_ chemistry ‘and’ physics involved
in neural function; _the_ cellular level, which examines _the_ distinctions among different types of’ cells in
_the_ nervous system ‘and’ how _the_y function ‘and’ communicate among _the_mselves ‘and’ among
non-neural cells; _the_ behavioral level, which examines _the_ interactions among systems that influence
behavior; ‘and’ _the_ cognitive level, which explores complex neurologic functions such as thinking,
language, ‘and’ memory.

2. Which of’ _the_ following three systems extend into all regions of’ _the_ nervous system?
A. Somatic motor, autonomic, ‘and’ basal ganglia

,Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 2
Test Bank Questions 4e

B. Autonomic, somatosensory, ‘and’ cognitive
C. Limbic, autonomic, ‘and’ somatosensory
D. Somatic, somatosensory, ‘and’ autonomic

ANSWER:: D
WHY? _the_ three systems extend throughout _the_ entire nervous system. are _the_ somatosensory
system, conveying information from’ _the_ skin ‘and’ musculoskeletal system ‘to’ _the_ brain; _the_
autonomic system, providing communication between _the_ brain ‘and’ smooth muscles, cardiac muscle,
‘and’ glands; ‘and’ _the_ somatic motor system, transmitting information from’ _the_ brain ‘to’ _the_
skeletal muscles. _the_ basal ganglia, cognitive, ‘and’ limbic systems are located entirely within _the_
brain, ‘and’ thus do not extend into _the_ spinal ‘and’ peripheral regions.

3. _the_ peripheral nervous system includes which of’ _the_ following?
A. Brainstem ‘and’ spinal nerves
B. Nerves, sensory receptors, ‘and’ autonomic ganglia
C. Groups of’ myelinated axons called capsules or tracts
D. Only afferent neurons that convey information ‘to’ _the_ central nervous system

ANSWER:: B
WHY? _the_ peripheral nervous system consists of’ all nervous system structures outside of’ _the_ skull
‘and’ spinal column. Myelinated axons, _the_ white matter of’ _the_ peripheral nervous system, are
grouped toge_the_r in nerves. Peripheral nerves convey both afferent ‘and’ efferent information ‘to’ ‘and’
from’ _the_ central nervous system. Collections of’ autonomic cell bodies, or gray matter, located in _the_
periphery are termed ganglia.

4. _the_ brainstem ‘and’ cerebellum receive most of’ _the_ir blood supply from’ which of’ _the_
following arterial branches?
A. Internal carotid ‘and’ posterior cerebral
B. Vertebral ‘and’ middle cerebral
C. Vertebral ‘and’ basilar
D. Internal carotid ‘and’ basilar

ANSWER:: C
WHY? Branches of’ _the_ vertebral ‘and’ basilar arteries provide blood supply ‘to’ _the_ brainstem
‘and’ cerebellum. _the_se branches include _the_ anterior ‘and’ posterior spinal arteries (medulla),
posterior cerebral arteries (midbrain), posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (medulla ‘and’ cerebellum), ‘and’
anterior inferior ‘and’ superior cerebellar arteries (pons ‘and’ cerebellum).

5. _the_ purpose of’ a neurologic evaluation is ‘to’:
A. Establish a definitive diagnosis.
B. Determine an appropriate plan of’ care.
C. Determine _the_ probable cause of’ _the_ problem.
D. Determine _the_ probable cause of’ _the_ problem ‘and’ _the_ appropriate plan of’ care.

ANSWER:: D
WHY? _the_ purpose of’ a neurologic evaluation is ‘to’ determine _the_ likely cause of’ _the_ problem

,Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 3
Test Bank Questions 4e

‘and’ _the_ appropriate course of’ action so that treatment can be provided. In many instances _the_
evaluation will reveal a definitive diagnosis; however, this is not always _the_ case.

6. A patient reports that she has recently had pain ‘and’ a loss of’ coordination in her left leg. _the_se
symptoms initially began 5 days earlier, gradually worsened for 3 days, but _the_n did not worsen or
improve since that time. _the_ speed of’ onset ‘and’ nature of’ _the_se complaints is most likely which
one of’ _the_ following?
A. Acute vascular problem
B. Subacute degenerative disorder
C. Chronic inflammatory process
D. Subacute inflammatory process

ANSWER:: D
WHY? _the_ speed of’ onset of’ a neurologic complaint can be classified as acute, subacute, or chronic.
Acute problems achieve maximal signs ‘and’ symptoms in minutes ‘to’ hours ‘and’ often indicate a
vascular problem, whereas subacute problems arise over several days ‘and’ may indicate an inflammatory
process. Chronic problems gradually worsen over a period weeks, months, or years ‘and’ may suggest
ei_the_r a tumor or degenerative disorder.

7. An individual is admitted ‘to’ _the_ hospital ‘to’ investigate a recently discovered abdominal mass. ‘to’
determine _the_ metabolic rate of’ _the_ mass, an imaging study is ordered, during which a radioisotope is
injected into _the_ patient’s bloodstream. This study is an example of’ which one of’ _the_ following?
A. Computed tomographic (CT) scan
B. Functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI)
C. Diffusion tensor image (DTI)
D. PET scan

ANSWER:: D
WHY? A PET scan is a nuclear imaging study in which emissions from’ a radioactive compound are
examined ‘to’ assess blood flow, oxygenation, glucose metabolism, ‘and’ /or receptor location. Techniques
such as CT, DTI, ‘and’ fMRI rely on _the_ use of’ x-ray images, radio waves, or magnetic fields.

8. An individual suffers a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke, which disrupts _the_ blood supply ‘to’
_the_ medial area of’ _the_ frontal lobe. This disruption is most likely due ‘to’ blockage of’ which one of’
_the_ following?
A. Anterior communicating artery
B. Anterior cerebral artery
C. Middle cerebral artery
D. Posterior cerebral artery

ANSWER:: B
WHY? _the_ anterior cerebral arteries provide blood flow ‘to’ _the_ medial aspects of’ _the_ frontal ‘and’
parietal lobes. _the_ anterior communicating artery joins _the_se arteries. In addition, _the_ middle cerebral
artery supplies much of’ _the_ lateral hemispheres, ‘and’ _the_ posterior cerebral artery supplies _the_
occipital lobe ‘and’ medial ‘and’ inferior temporal lobe.

, Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation 4
Test Bank Questions 4e

9. A patient visits _the_ emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He has suffered multiple blunt
force head traumas. This patient’s injury would be described as:
A. Focal.
B. Multifocal.
C. Diffuse.
D. Both B ‘and’ C

ANSWER:: B
WHY? Damage or injuries ‘to’ _the_ central nervous system are categorized as being focal, multifocal, or
diffuse lesions. Focal lesions are limited ‘to’ a single location, multifocal lesions are limited ‘to’ several
nonsymmetric locations, ‘and’ diffuse lesions affect bilateral structures symmetrically but do not cross
_the_ midline as a single lesion.

10. _the_ incidence of’ a disease is:
A. _the_ proportion of’ _the_ population that develops a new case of’ _the_ disorder in a defined period.
B. _the_ current proportion of’ _the_ population ‘with’ _the_ condition.
C. _the_ cumulative sum of’ past years’ prevalence rates.
D. Typically reported as being per 1000 people.

ANSWER:: A
WHY? _the_ incidence of’ a disease refers ‘to’ _the_ proportion of’ _the_ population that develops a
new case of’ _the_ disorder in a defined period. _the_ prevalence of’ a disease is _the_ current proportion
of’ _the_ population ‘with’ _the_ condition, including both old ‘and’ new cases. Thus _the_ prevalence
of’ a disease is _the_ cumulative sum of’ past years’ incidence rates. Disease incidence is typically
reported as per 100,000 people, whereas prevalence is typically reported per 1000 people.

11. Blood supply ‘to’ _the_ deep structures of’ _the_ brain is provided by which of’ _the_ following?
A. Deep branches of’ _the_ posterior cerebral arteries
B. Anterior choroidal arteries
C. Posterior choroidal arteries
D. Both B ‘and’ C
E. A, B, ‘and’ C

ANSWER:: E
WHY? _the_ deep branches of’ each of’ _the_ major cerebral arteries (e.g., anterior, middle, posterior)
provide _the_ blood supply ‘to’ _the_ deep structures of’ _the_ brain. _the_ anterior ‘and’ posterior
choroidal arteries provide additional blood flow ‘to’ _the_ deep structures of’ _the_ brain.

12. _the_ middle cerebral arteries arise from’ _the_ ________ ‘and’ supply _the_ _________.
A. Basilar artery; medial surfaces of’ _the_ frontal ‘and’ parietal lobes
B. Internal carotid arteries; lateral cerebral hemispheres
C. Anterior communicating artery; lateral cerebral hemispheres
D. Internal carotid arteries; internal capsule, putamen, ‘and’ caudate nucleus
E. Internal carotid arteries; lateral cerebral hemispheres ‘and’ internal capsule, putamen, ‘and’ caudate
nucleus

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