Final Exam: NR 283/ NR283 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) Pathophysiology Guide |Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain

Final lExam: lNR283/ lNR l283 l(New l2025/
l2026 lUpdate) lPathophysiology lGuide|
lQuestions l& lAnswers| lGrade lA| l100%
lCorrect l(Verified lSolutions)- lChamberlain

QUESTION
Clinical lmanifestations lof lhyperglycemia l


Answer:
- lGradual lonset
- lIncreased lthirst, ldehydration, lhunger, land lurination
- lLethargy, lsleepiness, lslowed lresponses lor lconfusion
- lDeep, lrapid lbreathing
- lFlushed, ldry lskin
- lDry, lparched lmouth
- lWeakness, lfatigue
- lSweet lodor lto lthe lbreath
- lHeadache, labdominal lpain, lnausea l& lvomiting
- lBlurred lvision
- lShock




QUESTION
Clinical lmanifestations lof lhypoglycemia l


Answer:
Confusion
Sleepiness
Dizziness/lightheadedness
Irritability/anxiety
Diaphoresis/Perspiration
***Tremors/Shakiness
Hunger
Weakness

,Visual ldisturbance
Difficulty lspeaking
Tachycardia




QUESTION
Pathophysiology lof ltype l1 ldiabetes l


Answer:
an lautoimmune lreaction lthat ldestroys lthe lpancreas' linsulin-producing lcells, lresulting lin
lan linsulin ldeficiency




QUESTION
Insulin lproducing lcells lin lpancreas l


Answer:
beta lcells




QUESTION
clinical lmanifestations lof ldiabetes linsipidus l


Answer:
polyuria, lnocturia, lcontinuous lthirst, land lpolydipsia




QUESTION
diabetes linsipidus l


Answer:
antidiuretic lhormone lis lnot lsecreted ladequately, lor lthe lkidney lis lresistant lto lits leffect

,QUESTION
clinical lmanifestations lof lhyperthyroidism l


Answer:
Nervousness; lrapid lpulse; lheat lintolerance; ltremors; lskin lflushed, lwarm, lsoft, land lmoist;
lbuldging leyes; lincreased lappetite; lweight lloss; lelevated lsystolic lBP; lcardiac
ldysrhythmias




QUESTION
clinical lmanifestations lof lhypothyroidism l


Answer:
Lethargy
Weakness
Dry lskin
Cold lintolerance
Weight lgain
Constipation
Coarse lhair




QUESTION
Pathophysiology lof lAddison's ldisease l


Answer:
Deficiency lof laldosterone land lcortisol; lmajor lorgans lare laffected
Inadequate laldosterone lcauses ldisturbances lof lsodium, lpotassium, land lwater lmetabolism
Cortisol ldeficiency lcauses labnormal lfat, lprotein, land lCHO lmetabolism
Cortisol labsence lduring la lperiod lof lstress lcan llead lto lAdrenal lCrisis




QUESTION

, Antidiuretic lhormone l


Answer:
hormone lsecreted lby lthe lposterior lpituitary lgland lto lprevent lthe lkidneys lfrom lexpelling
ltoo lmuch lwater




QUESTION
Aldosterone l


Answer:
"salt-retaining lhormone" lwhich lpromotes lthe lretention lof lNa+ lby lthe lkidneys. lna+
lretention lpromotes lwater lretention, lwhich lpromotes la lhigher lblood lvolume land lpressure




QUESTION
ADH lvs lAldosterone l


Answer:
both lwill lincrease lreabsorption lof lwater lin lkidneys lcollecting lducts.

aldosterone--> lincrease lactive lreabsorption lof lNa+. lJust lremember, lwhere lNa+ lgoes,
lwater lwill lfollow. lSo lwater lwill lpassively lbe lreabsorbed lalso.

ADH--> lIncreases lwater lpermeability lin lcollecting lducts.

Both lhormones lwill lincrease lblood lvolume land lblood lpressure.




QUESTION
Clinical lmanifestations lof lhypoparathyroidism l


Answer:
CHVOSTEK's lSign l