Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
1. A client is brought to the emergency department Intravenous infusion of
in an unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of normal saline
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is made.
The nurse would immediately prepare to initi- The primary goal of
ate which anticipated health care provider's pre- treatment in hyper-
scription? osmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome (HHS) is to
1. rehydrate the client to
Endotracheal intubation restore fluid volume
2. and to correct elec-
100 units of NPH insulin trolyte deficiency. Intra-
3. venous (IV) fluid re-
Intravenous infusion of normal saline placement is similar
4. to that administered
Intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate in diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA) and begins with
IV infusion of normal
saline. Regular insulin,
not NPH insulin, would
be administered. The
use of sodium bicar-
bonate to correct aci-
dosis is avoided be-
cause it can precipitate
a further drop in serum
potassium levels. Intu-
bation and mechanical
ventilation are not re-
quired to treat HHS.
2. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a It administers a small
client with diabetes mellitus. When the client continuous dose of
asks the nurse about the functioning of the short-duration insulin
pump, the nurse bases the response on which subcutaneously. The
information about the pump? client can self-admin-
ister an additional bo-
1. lus dose from the pump
It is timed to release programmed doses of ei- before each meal.
ther short-duration or NPH insulin into the blood-
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
stream at specific intervals. An insulin pump
2. provides a small
It continuously infuses small amounts of NPH continuous dose of
insulin into the bloodstream while regularly mon- short-duration (rapid-
itoring blood glucose levels. or short-acting) in-
3. sulin subcutaneously
It is surgically attached to the pancreas and in- throughout the day
fuses regular insulin into the pancreas. This re- and night. The client
leases insulin into the bloodstream. can self-administer an
4. additional bolus dose
It administers a small continuous dose of from the pump before
short-duration insulin subcutaneously. The client each meal as need-
can self-administer an additional bolus dose ed. Short-duration in-
from the pump before each meal. sulin is used in an in-
sulin pump. An external
pump is not attached
surgically to the pan-
creas.
3. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis 2.
(DKA) is being treated in the emergency depart- Comatose state
ment. Which findings support this diagnosis? Se- 3.
lect all that apply. Deep, rapid breathing
5.
1. Elevated blood glucose
Increase in pH level
2.
Comatose state Because of the pro-
3. found deficiency of in-
Deep, rapid breathing sulin associated with
4. DKA, glucose cannot
Decreased urine output be used for energy
5. and the body breaks
Elevated blood glucose level down fat as a sec-
ondary source of en-
ergy. Ketones, which
are acid byproducts of
fat metabolism, build
up and the client ex-
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
periences a metabol-
ic ketoacidosis. High
serum glucose con-
tributes to an osmotic
diuresis and the client
becomes severely de-
hydrated. If untreated,
the client will become
comatose due to se-
vere dehydration, aci-
dosis, and electrolyte
imbalance. Kussmaul's
respirations, the deep
rapid breathing asso-
ciated with DKA, is a
compensatory mecha-
nism by the body. The
body attempts to cor-
rect the acidotic state
by blowing off carbon
dioxide (CO2), which
is an acid. In the ab-
sence of insulin, the
client will experience
severe hyperglycemia.
Option 1 is incorrect
because in acidosis the
pH would be low. Op-
tion 4 is incorrect be-
cause a high serum
glucose will result in an
osmotic diuresis and
the client will experi-
ence polyuria.
4. The nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus 2.
about differentiating between hypoglycemia and Shakiness
ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an under- 3.
standing of the teaching by stating that a form Palpitations
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
of glucose should be taken if which symptom or 5.
symptoms develop? Select all that apply. Lightheadedness
1. Shakiness, palpita-
Polyuria tions, and lightheaded-
2. ness are signs/symp-
Shakiness toms of hypoglycemia
3. and would indicate the
Palpitations need for food or glu-
4. cose. Polyuria, blurred
Blurred vision vision, and a fruity
5. breath odor are man-
Lightheadedness ifestations of hyper-
glycemia.
6.
Fruity breath odor
5. A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates Convey empathy, trust,
acute anxiety when admitted to the hospital for and respect toward the
the treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the ap- client.
propriate intervention to decrease the client's
anxiety? Anxiety is a subjec-
tive feeling of appre-
hension, uneasiness,
1. or dread. The appro-
Administer a sedative. priate intervention is
2. to address the client's
Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the feelings related to the
client. anxiety. Administering
3. a sedative is not the
Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety, antic- most appropriate in-
ipating that they will soon disappear. tervention and does
4. not address the source
Make sure that the client is familiar with the cor- of the client's anxi-
rect medical terms to promote understanding of ety. The nurse should
what is happening. not ignore the client's
anxious feelings. Anxi-
ety needs to be man-
aged before meaning-
1. A client is brought to the emergency department Intravenous infusion of
in an unresponsive state, and a diagnosis of normal saline
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is made.
The nurse would immediately prepare to initi- The primary goal of
ate which anticipated health care provider's pre- treatment in hyper-
scription? osmolar hyperglycemic
syndrome (HHS) is to
1. rehydrate the client to
Endotracheal intubation restore fluid volume
2. and to correct elec-
100 units of NPH insulin trolyte deficiency. Intra-
3. venous (IV) fluid re-
Intravenous infusion of normal saline placement is similar
4. to that administered
Intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate in diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA) and begins with
IV infusion of normal
saline. Regular insulin,
not NPH insulin, would
be administered. The
use of sodium bicar-
bonate to correct aci-
dosis is avoided be-
cause it can precipitate
a further drop in serum
potassium levels. Intu-
bation and mechanical
ventilation are not re-
quired to treat HHS.
2. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a It administers a small
client with diabetes mellitus. When the client continuous dose of
asks the nurse about the functioning of the short-duration insulin
pump, the nurse bases the response on which subcutaneously. The
information about the pump? client can self-admin-
ister an additional bo-
1. lus dose from the pump
It is timed to release programmed doses of ei- before each meal.
ther short-duration or NPH insulin into the blood-
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
stream at specific intervals. An insulin pump
2. provides a small
It continuously infuses small amounts of NPH continuous dose of
insulin into the bloodstream while regularly mon- short-duration (rapid-
itoring blood glucose levels. or short-acting) in-
3. sulin subcutaneously
It is surgically attached to the pancreas and in- throughout the day
fuses regular insulin into the pancreas. This re- and night. The client
leases insulin into the bloodstream. can self-administer an
4. additional bolus dose
It administers a small continuous dose of from the pump before
short-duration insulin subcutaneously. The client each meal as need-
can self-administer an additional bolus dose ed. Short-duration in-
from the pump before each meal. sulin is used in an in-
sulin pump. An external
pump is not attached
surgically to the pan-
creas.
3. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis 2.
(DKA) is being treated in the emergency depart- Comatose state
ment. Which findings support this diagnosis? Se- 3.
lect all that apply. Deep, rapid breathing
5.
1. Elevated blood glucose
Increase in pH level
2.
Comatose state Because of the pro-
3. found deficiency of in-
Deep, rapid breathing sulin associated with
4. DKA, glucose cannot
Decreased urine output be used for energy
5. and the body breaks
Elevated blood glucose level down fat as a sec-
ondary source of en-
ergy. Ketones, which
are acid byproducts of
fat metabolism, build
up and the client ex-
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
periences a metabol-
ic ketoacidosis. High
serum glucose con-
tributes to an osmotic
diuresis and the client
becomes severely de-
hydrated. If untreated,
the client will become
comatose due to se-
vere dehydration, aci-
dosis, and electrolyte
imbalance. Kussmaul's
respirations, the deep
rapid breathing asso-
ciated with DKA, is a
compensatory mecha-
nism by the body. The
body attempts to cor-
rect the acidotic state
by blowing off carbon
dioxide (CO2), which
is an acid. In the ab-
sence of insulin, the
client will experience
severe hyperglycemia.
Option 1 is incorrect
because in acidosis the
pH would be low. Op-
tion 4 is incorrect be-
cause a high serum
glucose will result in an
osmotic diuresis and
the client will experi-
ence polyuria.
4. The nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus 2.
about differentiating between hypoglycemia and Shakiness
ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an under- 3.
standing of the teaching by stating that a form Palpitations
, Saunders NCLEX Endocrine Test Questions with 100% Verified Answers
of glucose should be taken if which symptom or 5.
symptoms develop? Select all that apply. Lightheadedness
1. Shakiness, palpita-
Polyuria tions, and lightheaded-
2. ness are signs/symp-
Shakiness toms of hypoglycemia
3. and would indicate the
Palpitations need for food or glu-
4. cose. Polyuria, blurred
Blurred vision vision, and a fruity
5. breath odor are man-
Lightheadedness ifestations of hyper-
glycemia.
6.
Fruity breath odor
5. A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates Convey empathy, trust,
acute anxiety when admitted to the hospital for and respect toward the
the treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the ap- client.
propriate intervention to decrease the client's
anxiety? Anxiety is a subjec-
tive feeling of appre-
hension, uneasiness,
1. or dread. The appro-
Administer a sedative. priate intervention is
2. to address the client's
Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the feelings related to the
client. anxiety. Administering
3. a sedative is not the
Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety, antic- most appropriate in-
ipating that they will soon disappear. tervention and does
4. not address the source
Make sure that the client is familiar with the cor- of the client's anxi-
rect medical terms to promote understanding of ety. The nurse should
what is happening. not ignore the client's
anxious feelings. Anxi-
ety needs to be man-
aged before meaning-
