Louisiana Horticulture Exam study guide
2025 questions with correct answers
4 major plant parts include - ANSWER-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANSWER-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANSWER-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANSWER-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched roots that are
slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANSWER-root system that consists of one main root that
grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - ANSWER-Spread the roots
out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANSWER-Support
conduction
,storage
Conduction - ANSWER-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured in the
plant.
xylem - ANSWER-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through inner
tissues called
phloem - ANSWER-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem
tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANSWER-xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - ANSWER-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________. Plant
function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANSWER-The xylem and phloem tissues are formed in
bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANSWER-the xylem is formed on the inside next to the
heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - ANSWER-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food supply
pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANSWER-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called ____________ and
the space between are called __________.
,axillary bud and axil - ANSWER-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - ANSWER-Some plants have modified stem and roots structures that
store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - ANSWER-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves surrounding
and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANSWER-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position
underground
Stolons - ANSWER-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANSWER-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANSWER-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANSWER-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANSWER-Root living through one growing season
October until December - ANSWER-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANSWER-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with
branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANSWER-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between the
veins as in corn
, Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANSWER-Leaves have two main functions to carry out:
______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually transformed
into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by chlorophyll (green
pigments)
Transpiration - ANSWER-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and
temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - ANSWER-What occurs when transpiration is more rapid than
absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - ANSWER-Water movement from the roots through the
stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - ANSWER-Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - ANSWER-plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds uncovered in
cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - ANSWER-flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - ANSWER-outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other parts of the
flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - ANSWER-collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - ANSWER-An entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - ANSWER-are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-bearing anthers
supported by filaments.
2025 questions with correct answers
4 major plant parts include - ANSWER-roots
stems
leaves
reproductive parts
4 functions of the root system include - ANSWER-absorption
anchorage
conduction
storage
2 kind of root systems found in plants are - ANSWER-fibrous root systems
and
taproot systems
Fibrous root system - ANSWER-root system that consists of numerous multi-branched roots that are
slender; no one root is more prominent than the other.
Tap root system (more difficult to transplant) - ANSWER-root system that consists of one main root that
grows directly downward from which branch roots arise;
carrot or a woody root (oak,maple)
What should you do if a plant becomes root bound within their containers? - ANSWER-Spread the roots
out or prune them to encourage the root system to grow outward
3 primary functions of the stems are - ANSWER-Support
conduction
,storage
Conduction - ANSWER-the movement of water, mineral solutions, and substances manufactured in the
plant.
xylem - ANSWER-water and mineral solution move upward from the roots to the leaves through inner
tissues called
phloem - ANSWER-manufactured food from the leaves move out of the leaves through outer stem
tissues called
What 2 tissues form the vascular system of the plant? - ANSWER-xylem and phloem
Cambium layer - ANSWER-The tissue between the xylem and phloem is called the ____________. Plant
function growth depends on uninterrupted conduction.
Monocotyledonous Plants (single leaf monocots) - ANSWER-The xylem and phloem tissues are formed in
bundles scattered in a discontinuous vascular system through the stem.
Corn, grass, lilies, orchids
Dicotyledonous Plants (two seed leaves dicots)
Gymnosperms Plants (many seed leaves) - ANSWER-the xylem is formed on the inside next to the
heartwood surrounded by a continuous layer of cambium with the phloem on the outside.
Tree, shrubs, annuals, and perrennials
Girdle - ANSWER-is a complete circle of dead tissue around the stem which interrupts the food supply
pipeline.
Nodes and internodes - ANSWER-Areas of the stems where leaves emerge are called ____________ and
the space between are called __________.
,axillary bud and axil - ANSWER-in the angle where each leaf joins the stem, there is an
_________________ which is compressed, dormant stem. The angle is called the ______ of the leaf.
Asexual reproductive structures - ANSWER-Some plants have modified stem and roots structures that
store exceptionally large amounts of food and function as
Corms, such as gladiolus - ANSWER-solid stem structures with remains of dried scale leaves surrounding
and protecting them. Cycle of changes are controlled by temperature.
Rhizome, such as Louisiana - ANSWER-the main axis or stem of the plant is in a horizontal position
underground
Stolons - ANSWER-Cylindrical horizontal stems found above ground similar to a rhizome
Tuberous roots (sweet potato) - ANSWER-roots that do not have nodes and buds
crown - ANSWER-the area where the stem and root tissue meets
Biennial Root - ANSWER-Roots that are living through two growing seasons
Annual Top Root - ANSWER-Root living through one growing season
October until December - ANSWER-Outdoor planting of spring bulbs can be done from
Dicot Leaf - ANSWER-Leaf that generally has netted venation, one or more prominent veins with
branches forming a conspicuous net
Mono Leaf - ANSWER-Leaf that generally has parallel veins with inconspicuous branching between the
veins as in corn
, Photosynthesis and transpiration - ANSWER-Leaves have two main functions to carry out:
______________ and _______________.
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-the process whereby carbon dioxide and water are eventually transformed
into sugars (glucose) by the living cell using energy from visible light absorbed by chlorophyll (green
pigments)
Transpiration - ANSWER-the process whereby the leaf gives off water into the atmosphere and
temperature of the leaf is regulated to reduce injury from excessive heat build up
water deficit making the plant wilt - ANSWER-What occurs when transpiration is more rapid than
absorption?
Lower water pressure at the TOP of the plant - ANSWER-Water movement from the roots through the
stems to the leaves depends on
Angiosperms - ANSWER-Plants that bloom and develop fruit which encloses the seed
gymnosperms - ANSWER-plants that have no true flowers or fruit, but bear their seeds uncovered in
cones or similar structures such as conifers
receptacle - ANSWER-flowers are borne on an enlarged portion of the stem called the
sepals - ANSWER-outer set of green floral leaves called __________ enclose the other parts of the
flower until these are nearly mature.
Calyx - ANSWER-collectively , the sepals comprise the ______.
Corolla - ANSWER-An entire set of petals is called the ________.
Stamens - ANSWER-are the male parts of the flower and are composed of pollen-bearing anthers
supported by filaments.
