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Samenvatting Doelgroep senioren
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Inhoud1. Introductie.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Situering van de doelgroep.............................................................................................. 5
1.1.1. 3de leeftijd (young old)................................................................................................ 6
1.1.2. 4de leeftijd (oldest old)................................................................................................ 6
1.1.3. andere indeling.......................................................................................................... 6
1.2. demografie....................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1. enkele cijfers.............................................................................................................. 7
1.2.2. oorzaken van vergrijzing............................................................................................ 8
1.2.3. gevolgen van de vergrijzing....................................................................................... 8
1.2.4. uitdagingen voor de ouderenzorg.............................................................................. 8
1.3. ouder worden in een veranderde maatschappij...............................................................9
1.3.1. maatschappelijke tendenzen..................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. psychologische hulpverlening binnen die maatschappelijke visie............................11
1.4. studie van het ouder worden: definitie en visies............................................................11
1.4.1. definitie.................................................................................................................... 11
1.4.2. geontologische visies op ouder worden...................................................................12
1.5. bachelor in het werkveld................................................................................................ 14
1.5.1. zorg en wonen in vlaanderen................................................................................... 14
1.5.2. bachelor in het werkveld.......................................................................................... 16
2. cognitief welbevinden en verouderen “moeder, waarom vergeten wij?”.............................18
2.1. Ouder wordende hersnen in de moderne maatschappij.................................................18
2.1.1. Veranderingen......................................................................................................... 19
2.1.2. 2-richtingsverkeer, want “brein = open structuur”..................................................19
2.2. cognitie.......................................................................................................................... 20
2.3. cognitieve piramide........................................................................................................ 20
2.4. normale gevolgen op cognitieve functies.......................................................................20
2.4.1. verminderde cognitieve kwaliteit............................................................................. 20
2.4.2. stabiele(re) cognitieve functies................................................................................21
2.5. gevolgen op het leerproces............................................................................................ 22
2.5.1. de cognitieve belastingstheorie...............................................................................22
2.5.2. Wildenbos................................................................................................................ 22
2.5.3. 10 factoren rol leerproces digi-toepassingen...........................................................23
3. Beschermende factoren voor cognitief welbevinden............................................................23
3.1. healthy ageing............................................................................................................... 23
3.2. reserve........................................................................................................................... 23
3.2.1. passieve reserve...................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2. actieve reserve........................................................................................................ 24
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Doelgroep senioren 2024-2025
, 3.3. het finger-model............................................................................................................. 25
3.3.1. gezonde voeding...................................................................................................... 25
3.3.2. Lichamelijke activiteit.............................................................................................. 25
3.3.3. Rol voor de cognitieve uitdagingen..........................................................................26
3.3.4. sociale betrokkenheid.............................................................................................. 26
3.3.5. opvolgen cardio-vasculaire gezondheid...................................................................26
3.3.6. nog andere positieve interventies............................................................................26
4. negatieve invloeden op cognitief welbevinden....................................................................27
4.1. lichamelijke kwetsbaarheid............................................................................................ 27
4.2. psychiatrische kwetsbaarheid of voorgeschiedenis.......................................................27
4.3. eenzaamheid en sociale deprivatie................................................................................27
5. wetenschap in volle ontwikkeling: ncM en Superagers........................................................27
5.1. mncd (mild neuro cognitive disorder)............................................................................27
5.2. cognitieve ‘super agers’................................................................................................. 28
5.3. vergeten ter bescherming? of net niet?.........................................................................28
5.4. toekomst........................................................................................................................ 28
6. muziek leren of latere leeftijd?............................................................................................. 28
7. psycho-sociaal welbevinden................................................................................................. 28
7.1. inleiding......................................................................................................................... 28
7.2. muziek als dagboek........................................................................................................ 29
7.3. basis van ‘doelgroep senioren’....................................................................................... 29
7.4. levensfase: ouderdom als apart gegeven?.....................................................................29
7.4.1. trapmodellen............................................................................................................ 29
7.4.2. geslaagd model........................................................................................................ 30
7.4.3. Lijnmodel................................................................................................................. 31
7.5. psycho-sociaal welbevinden........................................................................................... 33
7.5.1. psychologisch welzijn volgens carol ryff...................................................................33
7.5.2. de sociale relaties.................................................................................................... 34
7.5.3. gelukkig ouder worden............................................................................................. 36
8. psychosociaal welbevinden deel 2....................................................................................... 36
8.1. partnerrelatie 2.0........................................................................................................... 36
8.1.1. Engagement............................................................................................................. 36
8.1.2. territorialiteit en conflict.......................................................................................... 36
8.1.3. Individuele ontplooiing............................................................................................. 37
8.1.4. Intimiteit.................................................................................................................. 37
8.2. de single senior.............................................................................................................. 37
8.3. seksualiteit en intimiteit................................................................................................. 38
8.3.1. seksualiteit in de jaren ‘50....................................................................................... 38
8.3.2. Verbondenheid......................................................................................................... 38
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Doelgroep senioren 2024-2025
, 8.3.3. Genot....................................................................................................................... 39
8.3.4. Zorg......................................................................................................................... 39
8.4. rol van ‘ziekte en beperkingen’ in de relatie..................................................................40
9. ouderen en familie............................................................................................................... 40
9.1. de familie: een belangrijk netwerk................................................................................. 40
9.2. relatie met kinderen....................................................................................................... 40
9.2.2. onderliggende dynamieken...................................................................................... 41
9.2.3. ontwikkeling gedurende de levensloop....................................................................42
9.2.4. zorg verlenen........................................................................................................... 43
9.2.5. Samenvatting........................................................................................................... 43
9.2.6. meerdere kinderen, meerdere verhalen rond de zorgnood......................................44
9.2.7. zorg als element binnen de begeleiding van oudere en/ of kind..............................44
9.3. relatie met kleinkinderen............................................................................................... 44
9.3.1. een betekenisvolle relatie voor grootouders én kleinkinderen.................................45
9.4. relatie met broers/ zussen.............................................................................................. 45
9.4.1. onderliggende dynamiek.......................................................................................... 45
9.5. belang van intra-familiale relaties..................................................................................46
10. wat na pensioen?............................................................................................................... 46
10.1. van de ene dag op de andere?..................................................................................... 46
11. Emotioneel welbevinden.................................................................................................... 47
11.1. Verlies en rouw............................................................................................................ 47
11.1.1. Kenmerken............................................................................................................. 47
11.2. Onze rouwcultuur......................................................................................................... 48
11.3. (Oudere) rouwmodellen............................................................................................... 48
11.3.1. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (jaren 60 en 70) fasemodel:................................................48
11.3.2. William Worden (1982): 4 taken model:.................................................................48
11.4. Nieuwe visies op rouw.................................................................................................. 48
11.4.1. De krachtlijnen van een nieuwe visie.....................................................................48
11.4.2. Duale procesmodel................................................................................................ 49
11.4.3. Intuïtieve versus instrumentele rouwstilj...............................................................50
11.4.4. Rouw en hechting.................................................................................................. 51
12. Rouwzorg: tussen presentie en interventie........................................................................52
12.1. Ondersteuningsvormen................................................................................................ 52
12.1.1. Ondersteuning van rouwenden.............................................................................. 52
12.1.2. Rouwbegeleiding: wat?.......................................................................................... 52
12.1.3. Rouwtherapie......................................................................................................... 53
12.2. Rouwzorg en interventie: doen?...................................................................................53
12.2.1. Waarom niet interveniëren?................................................................................... 53
12.2.2. Waarom wel interveniëren?................................................................................... 53
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Doelgroep senioren 2024-2025
, 13. Rouw bij senioren............................................................................................................... 53
13.1. Kenmerken................................................................................................................... 53
13.2. Gevolgen van rouw...................................................................................................... 54
13.3. Mogelijke obstakels bij rouw bij senioren.....................................................................54
13.4. Rouwbegeleiding van de senior in rouw.......................................................................56
14. Zorgplanning rond het levenseinde....................................................................................57
14.1. Inleiding....................................................................................................................... 57
14.1.1. Waarover gaat het?................................................................................................ 57
14.1.2. Ervaringen vanuit palliatieve zorg..........................................................................57
14.1.3. Hoe sterven mensen?............................................................................................ 57
14.1.4. Dus…...................................................................................................................... 58
14.2. Levenseinde: wetgevend kader.................................................................................... 58
14.2.1. Wetgevend kader betreffende beslissingen rond het levenseinde.........................58
14.3. Wat is palliatieve zorg?................................................................................................ 59
14.3.1. Best mogelijke zorg?.............................................................................................. 59
14.3.2. Definiëring: ziek – palliatief – terminaal.................................................................59
14.3.3. Zorg versus palliatieve zorg?.................................................................................60
14.3.4. Basispijlers palliatieve zorg................................................................................... 60
14.3.5. Misverstanden........................................................................................................ 60
14.3.6. Voorzieningen........................................................................................................ 61
14.3.6.2. Ziekenhuis: palliatief support team.....................................................................62
14.4. Wat is euthanasie?....................................................................................................... 62
14.4.1. Verkennen van de euthanasievraag.......................................................................63
14.4.2. Aanstellen van vertrouwenspersoon/ vertegenwoordiger......................................63
14.4.3. Aanvragen van euthanasie.................................................................................... 64
14.4.4. Euthanasie in bijzondere situatie...........................................................................64
14.5. Vroegtijdige zorgplanning............................................................................................ 65
14.5.1. Inleiding................................................................................................................. 65
14.5.2. Kenmerken............................................................................................................. 65
14.5.3. Nut van een goede vroegtijdige zorgplanning.......................................................66
14.6. Voorbeeld..................................................................................................................... 67
14.6.1. Vroegtijdige zorgplanningstraject (UZ Leuven)......................................................67
15. Lichamelijk welbevinden.................................................................................................... 69
15.1. Het ouder wordende lichaam....................................................................................... 69
15.1.1. Inleiding: wat gebeurt er in het lichaam?...............................................................69
15.1.2. Normale en pathologische veroudering.................................................................70
15.1.3. Cardiovasculair stelsel........................................................................................... 70
15.1.4. Pulmonale stelsel................................................................................................... 70
15.1.5. Het centrale & perifere zenuwstelsel, slaap en de zintuigen.................................71
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Doelgroep senioren 2024-2025
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