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2024_AQA: A-level SOCIOLOGY Paper 2 Topics in Sociology (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) A-level SOCIOLOGY Paper 2 Topics in Sociology

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2024_AQA: A-level SOCIOLOGY Paper 2 Topics in Sociology (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) A-level SOCIOLOGY Paper 2 Topics in Sociology Tuesday 4 June 2024 Materials For this paper you must have:  an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions  Use black ink or b...

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  • February 4, 2025
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2024_AQA: A-level SOCIOLOGY
Paper 2
Topics in Sociology
(Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)


A-level
SOCIOLOGY
Paper 2 Topics in Sociology


Tuesday 4 June 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours
Materials
For this paper you must have:
 an AQA 16-page answer book.

Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7192/2.
 Answer all questions from one topic in Section A and all questions from one topic in Section B.
 Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
 Questions should be answered in continuous prose.
You will be marked on your ability to:
 use good English
 organise information clearly
 use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.




IB/M/Jun24/G4004/E3 7192/2

,A-Level Sociology: Paper 2 – Topics in Sociology Exam Preview

The A-Level Sociology Paper 2 exam focuses on Topics in Sociology, where you will be required to
demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of key sociological issues and themes. This paper generally
includes themes such as Culture and Identity, Social Inequality, Global Development, and The Media.
You will also be expected to apply theoretical perspectives and research methods to these topics.

Section A: Culture and Identity

This section will assess your understanding of how culture shapes identity, including issues related to
socialization, identity formation, and cultural diversity.

Key Topics to Review:

1. Culture and Socialization:
o Culture: What culture is, its components (e.g., norms, values, beliefs), and how it shapes
individuals.
o Socialization: The role of agents of socialization (family, education, peers, media) in
shaping identity.
o Theories of Socialization: Functionalism (Durkheim), Marxism (Althusser), Interactionism
(Mead), and Feminism (Oakley).
2. Identity Formation:
o Personal and Social Identity: How individual identity is influenced by class, gender,
ethnicity, and age.
o Social Group Identities: The role of social groups (e.g., youth subcultures, class groups,
ethnic groups) in shaping identity.
o Socialization across the Life Course: How identity evolves from childhood through
adulthood to old age.
3. Globalization and Identity:
o Globalization: The impact of globalization on culture, identity, and social practices.
o Hybridization: The blending of cultures and how global and local cultures influence each
other.

Section B: Social Inequality

This section focuses on different forms of social inequality, including class, gender, ethnicity, and age, as
well as their impact on individuals and society.

Key Topics to Review:

1. Social Class:
o Class Inequality: Theories of social class inequality (e.g., Marxist and Weberian
perspectives) and how social class impacts access to resources, life chances, and
opportunities.
o The Changing Nature of Class: How social mobility and class structures have changed
over time, including the role of education in reproducing class inequality.
2. Gender and Inequality:
o Feminist Theories: How gender inequality is structured in society. Focus on key feminist
perspectives (Liberal, Marxist, Radical, Black feminism).
o Sexuality and Gender Identity: The role of gender norms, stereotypes, and the social
construction of gender.
3. Ethnic Inequality:
o Racism and Discrimination: How ethnicity shapes experiences of inequality in areas such
as education, employment, and criminal justice.
o Intersectionality: How class, gender, and ethnicity intersect to affect individuals differently.




IB/M/Jun24/G4004/E3 7192/2

, 2


Section A

Choose one topic from this section and answer all the questions on that topic.


Topic A1 Culture and Identity


0 1 Outline and explain two reasons why gender may affect consumption choices.
[10 marks]


0 2 Read Item A below and answer the question that follows.


Item A

Popular culture is easily accessible and enjoyed by many people. Popular culture
broadly reflects mainstream norms and values of society, which some people may
reject.

Popular culture may affect an individual’s sense of self.

Applying material from Item A, analyse two ways that popular culture may affect an
individual’s sense of self.
[10 marks]


0 3 Read Item B below and answer the question that follows.


Item B

Social class refers to a group of people who share a socio-economic status. Some
sociologists argue that social class is the most important factor in shaping identity.
Social class affects life chances, leisure activities and consumption patterns, as well as
values and beliefs.

Other sociologists disagree and suggest that other factors such as gender and ethnicity
are more important than social class in shaping identity.

Applying material from Item B and your knowledge, evaluate the view that social class is
the most important factor in shaping identity.
[20 marks]




IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

, 3


Topic A2 Families and Households


0 4 Outline and explain two ways that falling birth rates may affect gender roles and
relationships within families.
[10 marks]


0 5 Read Item C below and answer the question that follows.


Item C

In the UK today, there are a range of social policies aimed at protecting vulnerable
groups. There are also social policies which impose age restrictions on certain
activities, such as paid employment.

It can be argued that social policies may have affected the status of children.

Applying material from Item C, analyse two ways that social policies may have affected
the status of children.
[10 marks]


0 6 Read Item D below and answer the question that follows.


Item D

Some sociologists argue that there is growing family diversity in the UK today. They
argue that there are now more family types and structures. They also claim that these
changes bring greater individual choice.

However, some functionalist sociologists argue that there is limited evidence to support
family diversity. They suggest the conventional nuclear family is still the dominant
family type and the one that best fits society’s needs.

Applying material from Item D and your knowledge, evaluate sociological explanations of
the nature and extent of family diversity in the UK today.
[20 marks]




Turn over ►
IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

, 4


Topic A3 Health


0 7 Outline and explain two ways in which use of health care provision may vary between
ethnic groups.
[10 marks]


0 8 Read Item E below and answer the question that follows.


Item E

Men are more likely to be in full-time employment than women. Women are socialised
into performing a caring role which prioritises family life.

There are gender differences in health chances.


Applying material from Item E, analyse two reasons for gender differences in health
chances.
[10 marks]


0 9 Read Item F below and answer the question that follows.


Item F

Conflict sociologists argue that powerful groups contribute to inequalities in health and
illness. For example, Marxists claim that the medical profession and health care
industries reinforce class inequalities in health and illness.

Other sociologists argue that the medical profession has lost power. Individuals now
have increased choice when monitoring health and treating illness.

Applying material from Item F and your knowledge, evaluate the extent to which powerful
groups control health and illness.
[20 marks]




IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

, 5


Topic A4 Work, Poverty and Welfare


1 0 Outline and explain two reasons why rates of unemployment vary between social groups.
[10 marks]


1 1 Read Item G below and answer the question that follows.


Item G

Changes in technology have led to an increase in production lines. There have also
been developments in information and communication technology (ICT).

Changes in technology may affect skills required in the workplace.

Applying material from Item G, analyse two ways that changes in technology may affect
skills required in the workplace.
[10 marks]


1 2 Read Item H below and answer the question that follows.


Item H

Functionalists suggest that poverty has various functions in society today. For
example, one function is that the fear of poverty encourages people to work hard to
achieve upward social mobility. They also argue that poverty is inevitable as some
individuals lack the skills and work ethic to perform higher earning jobs.

However, other sociologists argue that poverty is a source of conflict and the outcome
of inequalities in the class structure.

Applying material from Item H and your knowledge, evaluate the view that poverty is
functional and inevitable in society today.
[20 marks]




Turn over ►
IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

, 6


Section B

Choose one topic from this section and answer all the questions on that topic.


Topic B1 Beliefs in Society


1 3 Outline and explain two ways in which social change may contribute to secularisation.
[10 marks]


1 4 Read Item I below and answer the question that follows.


Item I

Ideologies can be oppressive forces that protect the interests of powerful groups in
society. Ideologies can also inspire protest and social change.

Religion may be seen as an ideology.

Applying material from Item I, analyse two ways in which religion may be seen as an
ideology.
[10 marks]


1 5 Read Item J below and answer the question that follows.


Item J

Globalisation refers to the increased interconnectedness of the world involving
technological and cultural changes. Postmodernists suggest that this has changed the
ways in which we interact with religious organisations, as well as allowing new types of
beliefs to emerge.

However, other sociologists disagree and believe that globalisation has resulted in the
rise of religious fundamentalism. It is also claimed that the process of globalisation has
led to the decline of religious belief in some areas.

Applying material from Item J and your knowledge, evaluate sociological views on the
relationship between religion and globalisation.
[20 marks]




IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

, 7


Topic B2 Global Development


1 6 Outline and explain two ways in which industrialisation may affect employment in
developing countries.
[10 marks]


1 7 Read Item K below and answer the question that follows.


Item K

Most transnational corporations (TNCs) need raw materials and resources to produce
goods. They are not usually concerned with what happens to the goods after they
have been sold.

TNCs may harm the environment.

Applying material from Item K, analyse two ways that transnational corporations may
harm the environment.
[10 marks]


1 8 Read Item L below and answer the question that follows.


Item L

There are gender differences in the experience of development and
underdevelopment. For example, the process of development often provides women
with more opportunities for education, better health and paid employment.

Early theories of development, such as modernisation theory, often saw gender issues
as unimportant. However, feminists have emphasised that gender is central to
development and underdevelopment.

Applying material from Item L and your knowledge, evaluate sociological views of gender
differences in the experience of development and underdevelopment.
[20 marks]




Turn over ►
IB/M/Jun24/7192/2

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