UNE midterm Pathophysiology Study Guide
1.primary prevention: keeping disease from occurring by removing all
risk factors Shots, healthier lifestyle
2.Secondary Prevention: detects disease early when it is still
asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop
disease progression
PAP smears, colonoscopy, Lab tests
3.Tertiary prevention: directed at clinical interventions that prevent
further deteri- oration or reduce the complications of a disease once it
has been diagnosed
B-adrenergic drugs to decrease risk of death in people who have had
heart attacks
4.What is homeostasis?: the ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environ- ment in an ever-changing outside world
5.Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: RAAS: mediates a
peripheral in- crease in in vascular tone and renal retention of
sodium and water
These changes changes contribute to the physiologic changes that occu
with the stress response
RAAS is a hormonal system (involving the brain, lungs, kidneys and liver
that helps us to regulate blood pressure and volume.
Decrease in renal blood flow releases more renin with a parallel in
circulating angiotensin II
6.Aldosterone: promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
7.Allostasis: process by which the body achieves stability through
physiological change
8.Epidemiology: the study of disease occurrence in human population
9.Incidence: reflects the number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specific time
10.Sign: a manifestation that is noted by the observer
11.symptom: subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headach
12.etiology factors: are the cause of disease
13.General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Response to stressors to
resist changes by using the function of the HPA system to best
,respond
14.:
15.alarm stage of GAS: Generalized stimulation of the sympathetic
system and the HPA axis
fight or flight
16.resistance stage of GAS: second stage;
body functions normalize while responding to the stressor. The body
attempts to cope with the stressor
17.Exhaustion stage of GAS: Resources are depleted and signs of
"wear and tear" or systemic damages appear
18.dilated cardiomyopathy: Common cause of heart failure and leaving
indication for heart transplant
Etiological factors: Autosomal dom trait. Infections, toxins, alcoholism,
chemothera- peutic agents
Characteristics: Ventricle enlargement, reduction in ventricle wall
thickness and impared systolic function in one or both ventricles
Scattered inflammatory cells may be present
Clinical manifestations: Dyspnea, orthopnea and reduced exercise
capacity The end stage presents with thrombus formation and
systemic emboli in heart chambers. As well as abnormal cardiac
rhythms
Treatment is directed toward relieving the symptoms of the heart failure
and reducing work of the heart.
Pharmacologic agents: diuretics to reduce preload
beta blockers to reduce heart rate and myocardial o2 demand
Removing or avoiding causative agents such as alcohol
19.Differential diagnosis: the process of differentiating between two
or more conditions which share similar signs or symptoms.
20.Pathogens: Microorganisms that are so virulent that they are rarely
found in the absence of disease
21.Virus: Small obligate intracellular pathogens
Chicken pox, gential herpes, cold sores, Mono,
EBV, Flu
Oncogenic- ability to transform normal host cells into malignant cells
during the replication cycle
22.EBV: causes 4 human cancers: Hodgkin Lymphoma, Burkitt
lymphoma, na- sopharyngeal cancer, B-cell lymphomas in
, immunosuppressed people
23.Bacteria: Autonomously replicating unicellular organisms known as
prokaryotes bec they lack organized nucleus
Can create biofilms (80% of all chronic infections are due to biofilms)
24.Protozoan: Single celled eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll
25.Prions: -Protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable
genome and are able to transmit infections
1.primary prevention: keeping disease from occurring by removing all
risk factors Shots, healthier lifestyle
2.Secondary Prevention: detects disease early when it is still
asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop
disease progression
PAP smears, colonoscopy, Lab tests
3.Tertiary prevention: directed at clinical interventions that prevent
further deteri- oration or reduce the complications of a disease once it
has been diagnosed
B-adrenergic drugs to decrease risk of death in people who have had
heart attacks
4.What is homeostasis?: the ability to maintain a relatively stable
internal environ- ment in an ever-changing outside world
5.Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: RAAS: mediates a
peripheral in- crease in in vascular tone and renal retention of
sodium and water
These changes changes contribute to the physiologic changes that occu
with the stress response
RAAS is a hormonal system (involving the brain, lungs, kidneys and liver
that helps us to regulate blood pressure and volume.
Decrease in renal blood flow releases more renin with a parallel in
circulating angiotensin II
6.Aldosterone: promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
7.Allostasis: process by which the body achieves stability through
physiological change
8.Epidemiology: the study of disease occurrence in human population
9.Incidence: reflects the number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specific time
10.Sign: a manifestation that is noted by the observer
11.symptom: subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headach
12.etiology factors: are the cause of disease
13.General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Response to stressors to
resist changes by using the function of the HPA system to best
,respond
14.:
15.alarm stage of GAS: Generalized stimulation of the sympathetic
system and the HPA axis
fight or flight
16.resistance stage of GAS: second stage;
body functions normalize while responding to the stressor. The body
attempts to cope with the stressor
17.Exhaustion stage of GAS: Resources are depleted and signs of
"wear and tear" or systemic damages appear
18.dilated cardiomyopathy: Common cause of heart failure and leaving
indication for heart transplant
Etiological factors: Autosomal dom trait. Infections, toxins, alcoholism,
chemothera- peutic agents
Characteristics: Ventricle enlargement, reduction in ventricle wall
thickness and impared systolic function in one or both ventricles
Scattered inflammatory cells may be present
Clinical manifestations: Dyspnea, orthopnea and reduced exercise
capacity The end stage presents with thrombus formation and
systemic emboli in heart chambers. As well as abnormal cardiac
rhythms
Treatment is directed toward relieving the symptoms of the heart failure
and reducing work of the heart.
Pharmacologic agents: diuretics to reduce preload
beta blockers to reduce heart rate and myocardial o2 demand
Removing or avoiding causative agents such as alcohol
19.Differential diagnosis: the process of differentiating between two
or more conditions which share similar signs or symptoms.
20.Pathogens: Microorganisms that are so virulent that they are rarely
found in the absence of disease
21.Virus: Small obligate intracellular pathogens
Chicken pox, gential herpes, cold sores, Mono,
EBV, Flu
Oncogenic- ability to transform normal host cells into malignant cells
during the replication cycle
22.EBV: causes 4 human cancers: Hodgkin Lymphoma, Burkitt
lymphoma, na- sopharyngeal cancer, B-cell lymphomas in
, immunosuppressed people
23.Bacteria: Autonomously replicating unicellular organisms known as
prokaryotes bec they lack organized nucleus
Can create biofilms (80% of all chronic infections are due to biofilms)
24.Protozoan: Single celled eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll
25.Prions: -Protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable
genome and are able to transmit infections
