©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
Module 4 PSYC140 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
What is the difference between gross motor and fine motor skills? Give two examples of each. -
Answer✔Gross motor refers to large muscle development, while fine motor skills require
dexterity. Therefore, skills that require arm and leg strength, such as throwing, kicking, and
running are gross motor skills. However, skills requiring minute movements to be made with
the hands are fine motor skills. For example, writing, coloring, and cutting paper.
Describe myelination. How does it affect the way that young children think? -
Answer✔Myelination is when some neurons become insulated with a layer of fat. This fat layer
speeds messages being relayed among neurons and therefore enhances processing speed.
Describe synaptic pruning. What does this imply for the differences between how children think
versus how adults think? - Answer✔Synaptic pruning is when under-utilized synaptic
connections between neurons die away while important ones become strengthened. Adult
brains that have gone through much of this process are essentially more efficient than
children's brains. However, they may also be less plastic, or changeable. For example, it may be
harder to learn new things and do adapt quickly.
Type out the two substages of Piaget's Preoperational stage, and describe in detail key features
of each substage. - Answer✔During the Symbolic Function substage (ages 2-4) children
continue to develop in their abilities to mentally represent objects that are not right in front of
them. Limitations or errors in thinking that occur in this substage include Egocentrism and
Animism. Egocentrism refers to a problem with taking another person's perspective or point of
view. Animism refers to a child's belief that inanimate objects can have lifelike qualities.
In the Intuitive Thought substage, children start to develop reasoning ability. However, young
children are prevented from engaging in highly rational thought because of centration.
Centration involves focusing all attention on one feature of an object. In doing so, the young
child may miss the "big picture" as well as any other feature of the object. Centration may also
result in a child's difficulty with conservation. Conservation involves understanding that the
physical properties of substances or objects do not change if merely the appearance is altered.
Compare and contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's approaches to cognitive development. -
Answer✔Piaget approached cognitive development from a biological/maturational standpoint.
That is, he believed that abilities naturally unfolded at certain ages. Vygotsky, on the other
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
hand, approached cognitive development from a sociocultural standpoint and emphasized
collaborative learning.
Define "zone of proximal development" and "scaffolding." - Answer✔The Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD) is the gap between what children can accomplish alone and what they can
do if guided by an expert. Scaffolding involves the teacher/expert to offer changing levels of
support as the child's competence increases.
Define gender schema theory, gender constancy, and gender stereotype. - Answer✔Gender
Schema Theory states that children have a desire to conform to societal standards and
therefore may tune their attention and behavior to act in ways in keeping with their respective
gender.
Gender Constancy is the knowledge that one's sex remains the same even if outward
appearance changes.
A Gender Stereotype is a set belief about the expected behaviors of males and females.
Authoritarian parents are tend to be more ___________ in their children's lives. The ________
are strict and there are many. Rules that are set must be followed without ___________ and
the parent will not reason with the child.
An example of this is if your child tries to question any of the rules you have set, you reply with
a "__________" and understand the questioning as a form of disobedience -
Answer✔uninvolved; boundaries; questioning; because I said
Authoritative parents put a lot of effort into having a ___________ relationship with their child
and is considered the "_______" parent. This parent is extremely _________ with the rules and
boundaries they choose to set and always hold a space for the child's _________.
An example of this is providing the child with a safe space so that they would feel comfortable
to come to you with any questions/concerns they have with rules/or any particular form of
punishment - Answer✔positive; ideal; communicative; feelings
Permissive parents have rules but do not frequently ______ them or have _________ when
they are not followed. This can lead to children not developing _________
An example of this is a child running around a restaurant with toys, yelling, dodging waiters and
running into other customers while the parent sits at the table eating--totally disregarding the
chaos the child is causing around them - Answer✔enforce; consequences; self control
4. Neglectful parents are largely ___________ in the child's life. They do not spend much time
with the child nor do they know what they are doing/who they are with outside of the time
2
Module 4 PSYC140 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
What is the difference between gross motor and fine motor skills? Give two examples of each. -
Answer✔Gross motor refers to large muscle development, while fine motor skills require
dexterity. Therefore, skills that require arm and leg strength, such as throwing, kicking, and
running are gross motor skills. However, skills requiring minute movements to be made with
the hands are fine motor skills. For example, writing, coloring, and cutting paper.
Describe myelination. How does it affect the way that young children think? -
Answer✔Myelination is when some neurons become insulated with a layer of fat. This fat layer
speeds messages being relayed among neurons and therefore enhances processing speed.
Describe synaptic pruning. What does this imply for the differences between how children think
versus how adults think? - Answer✔Synaptic pruning is when under-utilized synaptic
connections between neurons die away while important ones become strengthened. Adult
brains that have gone through much of this process are essentially more efficient than
children's brains. However, they may also be less plastic, or changeable. For example, it may be
harder to learn new things and do adapt quickly.
Type out the two substages of Piaget's Preoperational stage, and describe in detail key features
of each substage. - Answer✔During the Symbolic Function substage (ages 2-4) children
continue to develop in their abilities to mentally represent objects that are not right in front of
them. Limitations or errors in thinking that occur in this substage include Egocentrism and
Animism. Egocentrism refers to a problem with taking another person's perspective or point of
view. Animism refers to a child's belief that inanimate objects can have lifelike qualities.
In the Intuitive Thought substage, children start to develop reasoning ability. However, young
children are prevented from engaging in highly rational thought because of centration.
Centration involves focusing all attention on one feature of an object. In doing so, the young
child may miss the "big picture" as well as any other feature of the object. Centration may also
result in a child's difficulty with conservation. Conservation involves understanding that the
physical properties of substances or objects do not change if merely the appearance is altered.
Compare and contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's approaches to cognitive development. -
Answer✔Piaget approached cognitive development from a biological/maturational standpoint.
That is, he believed that abilities naturally unfolded at certain ages. Vygotsky, on the other
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
hand, approached cognitive development from a sociocultural standpoint and emphasized
collaborative learning.
Define "zone of proximal development" and "scaffolding." - Answer✔The Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD) is the gap between what children can accomplish alone and what they can
do if guided by an expert. Scaffolding involves the teacher/expert to offer changing levels of
support as the child's competence increases.
Define gender schema theory, gender constancy, and gender stereotype. - Answer✔Gender
Schema Theory states that children have a desire to conform to societal standards and
therefore may tune their attention and behavior to act in ways in keeping with their respective
gender.
Gender Constancy is the knowledge that one's sex remains the same even if outward
appearance changes.
A Gender Stereotype is a set belief about the expected behaviors of males and females.
Authoritarian parents are tend to be more ___________ in their children's lives. The ________
are strict and there are many. Rules that are set must be followed without ___________ and
the parent will not reason with the child.
An example of this is if your child tries to question any of the rules you have set, you reply with
a "__________" and understand the questioning as a form of disobedience -
Answer✔uninvolved; boundaries; questioning; because I said
Authoritative parents put a lot of effort into having a ___________ relationship with their child
and is considered the "_______" parent. This parent is extremely _________ with the rules and
boundaries they choose to set and always hold a space for the child's _________.
An example of this is providing the child with a safe space so that they would feel comfortable
to come to you with any questions/concerns they have with rules/or any particular form of
punishment - Answer✔positive; ideal; communicative; feelings
Permissive parents have rules but do not frequently ______ them or have _________ when
they are not followed. This can lead to children not developing _________
An example of this is a child running around a restaurant with toys, yelling, dodging waiters and
running into other customers while the parent sits at the table eating--totally disregarding the
chaos the child is causing around them - Answer✔enforce; consequences; self control
4. Neglectful parents are largely ___________ in the child's life. They do not spend much time
with the child nor do they know what they are doing/who they are with outside of the time
2
