Med-Surg (Medical-Surgical Nursing) LATEST EXAM STUDY
GUIDE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATES |ALREADY GRADED A+
(REVISED EXAM)
The term for the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath is
A)expiratory reserve volume.
B) vital capacity.
C) tidal volume.
D) residual volume. - CORRECT ANSWER C-Tidal volume is the
volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath. Residual volume
is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration.
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air exhaled from the point of
maximum inspiration. Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum
volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal inhalation.
Which is a deformity of the chest that occurs as a result of
overinflation of the lungs?
A)Pigeon chest
B)Funnel chest
C)Barrel chest
D)Kyphoscoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER C-A barrel chest occurs as a
result of overinflation of the lungs. The anteroposterior diameter of the
thorax increases. Funnel chest occurs when a depression occurs in
the lower portion of the sternum, which may result in murmurs. Pigeon
chest occurs as a result of displacement of the sternum, resulting in
an increase in the anteroposterior diameter. Kyphoscoliosis is
characterized by elevation of the scapula and a corresponding S-
shaped spine. This deformity limits lung expansion within the thorax.
A client undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a
disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The client becomes
anxious because the area begins to swell. Which technique may be
used to decrease anxiety in this client?
,
A) Advise the client to use prescribed analgesics B)Gently rub the
swollen area to accelerate blood flow C)Apply ice packs to reduce the
swelling
D)Assure the client that this is a normal reaction - CORRECT ANSWER
D-The nurse should assure the client that this is a normal reaction.
When disease-specific antigens are injected, the injection area swells
as a result of the client developing antibodies against the antigen that
is introduced. The nurse should also keep in mind that the client is not
necessarily actively infectious if the test result is positive. Rubbing
the area gently or even applying ice packs may only aggravate the
swelling. The swollen area should be left open to heal by itself. The
nurse should await the physician's instructions before advising the
client to use any prescribed analgesics.
The nurse teaches the parent of a child with chickenpox that the child
is no longer contagious to others when
A)the vesicles and pustules have crusted.
B)the rash is changing into vesicles, and pustules appear.
C)the fever disappears.
D)the first rash appears. - CORRECT ANSWER A-When the lesions
have crusted, the client is no longer contagious to others. The child
remains contagious when the rash is present, if fever occurs as the
rash is progressing, and when the rash is changing into vesicles and
pustules.
The nurse is assessing a client taking an anticoagulant. What nursing
intervention is most appropriate for a client at risk for injury related to
side effects of medication enoxaparin?
A)Assess for clubbing of the fingers.
B)Report any incident of bloody urine, stools, or both. C)Assess for
hypokalemia.
D)Administer calcium supplements. - CORRECT ANSWER B-The client
who takes an anticoagulant, such as a low-molecular-weight heparin,
is routinely screened for bloody urine, stools, or both. Clients taking
enoxaparin will not need to take calcium supplements or have
potassium imbalances related to the medication. The clubbing of
fingers may occur with chronic pulmonary diseases.
,
The nurse is caring for a client with a damaged tricuspid valve. The
nurse knows that the tricuspid valve is held in place by which of the
following?
A)Atrioventricular tendons
B)Semilunar tendineae
C)Papillary tendons
D) Chordae tendineae - CORRECT ANSWER D-Attached to the mitral
and tricuspid valves are cordlike structures known as chordae
tendineae, which in turn attach to papillary muscles, two major
muscular projections from the ventricles. Options B, C, and D are
distractors for the question.
The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher
association. A parent asks how he can help his family avoid
community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best
response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?
A) "Encourage your family to adopt a healthy diet and exercise
regimen."
B)"Encourage your family to stop smoking."
C) "Make sure your family has regular checkups." D)"Make sure your
family has all their childhood immunizations." - CORRECT ANSWER D-
To help prevent and control community-acquired infections, nurses
should encourage childhood immunizations. Vaccines stimulate the
body to produce antibodies against a specific disease organism. The
immunization protects children as well as adults who may not have
developed sufficient immunity. Following a proper diet and exercise
regimen and going for regular checkups are important, but these
measures do not help prevent or control community-acquired
infections. Smoking cessation does not reduce the risk of such
infections either.
The nurse is caring for a geriatric client. The client is ordered Lanoxin
(digoxin) tablets 0.125mg daily for a cardiac dysrhythmias. Which of
the following assessment considerations is essential when caring for
this age-group?
A)Digoxin level
B)Activity level
C)Dyspnea
,
D)Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER A-The action of Digoxin slows
and strengthens the heart rate. Assessment of the pulse rate is
essential prior to administration in all clients. Due to decreased
perfusion common in geriatric clients, toxicity may occur more often.
The nurse must monitor Digoxin levels in the body. Monitoring
symptoms reflecting cardiac output, activity level, and dyspnea are
also important assessment considerations for all clients.
A client is given a dose of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug for complaints of abdominal pain. Ten minutes after receiving the
medication, the client's eyes, lips, and face begin to swell, and the
nurse hears stridor. What priority measure should the nurse prepare to
do?
A)Assess the client's vital signs.
B)Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG).
C)Administer epinephrine.
D)Intubate the client. - CORRECT ANSWER C-Anaphylaxis is a rapid
and profound type I hypersensitivity response. A massive release of
histamine causes vasodilation; increased capillary permeability;
angioneurotic edema (acute swelling of the face, neck, lips, larynx,
hands, feet, genitals, and internal organs); hypotension; and
bronchoconstriction. A nurse must administer 0.2 mg of epinephrine
subcutaneously to a client experiencing a severe allergic reaction. It
is outside of the nurse's practice to intubate a client. Performing an
ECG and assessing the vital signs delays the treatment of the client
and can have negative outcomes.
A client will be receiving a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to
employment in a dialysis center. What type of immunity will this
provide?
A)Passive immunity
B)Naturally acquired active immunity
C)Forced immunity
D)Artificially acquired active immunity - CORRECT ANSWER D-
Artificially acquired immunity is obtained by receiving a killed or
weakened microorganism or toxoid. Passive immunity develops when
ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible person. The
antibodies provide immediate but short-lived protection from the
GUIDE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL ELABORATED
ANSWERS (MOST TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATES |ALREADY GRADED A+
(REVISED EXAM)
The term for the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath is
A)expiratory reserve volume.
B) vital capacity.
C) tidal volume.
D) residual volume. - CORRECT ANSWER C-Tidal volume is the
volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath. Residual volume
is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration.
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air exhaled from the point of
maximum inspiration. Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum
volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal inhalation.
Which is a deformity of the chest that occurs as a result of
overinflation of the lungs?
A)Pigeon chest
B)Funnel chest
C)Barrel chest
D)Kyphoscoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER C-A barrel chest occurs as a
result of overinflation of the lungs. The anteroposterior diameter of the
thorax increases. Funnel chest occurs when a depression occurs in
the lower portion of the sternum, which may result in murmurs. Pigeon
chest occurs as a result of displacement of the sternum, resulting in
an increase in the anteroposterior diameter. Kyphoscoliosis is
characterized by elevation of the scapula and a corresponding S-
shaped spine. This deformity limits lung expansion within the thorax.
A client undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a
disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The client becomes
anxious because the area begins to swell. Which technique may be
used to decrease anxiety in this client?
,
A) Advise the client to use prescribed analgesics B)Gently rub the
swollen area to accelerate blood flow C)Apply ice packs to reduce the
swelling
D)Assure the client that this is a normal reaction - CORRECT ANSWER
D-The nurse should assure the client that this is a normal reaction.
When disease-specific antigens are injected, the injection area swells
as a result of the client developing antibodies against the antigen that
is introduced. The nurse should also keep in mind that the client is not
necessarily actively infectious if the test result is positive. Rubbing
the area gently or even applying ice packs may only aggravate the
swelling. The swollen area should be left open to heal by itself. The
nurse should await the physician's instructions before advising the
client to use any prescribed analgesics.
The nurse teaches the parent of a child with chickenpox that the child
is no longer contagious to others when
A)the vesicles and pustules have crusted.
B)the rash is changing into vesicles, and pustules appear.
C)the fever disappears.
D)the first rash appears. - CORRECT ANSWER A-When the lesions
have crusted, the client is no longer contagious to others. The child
remains contagious when the rash is present, if fever occurs as the
rash is progressing, and when the rash is changing into vesicles and
pustules.
The nurse is assessing a client taking an anticoagulant. What nursing
intervention is most appropriate for a client at risk for injury related to
side effects of medication enoxaparin?
A)Assess for clubbing of the fingers.
B)Report any incident of bloody urine, stools, or both. C)Assess for
hypokalemia.
D)Administer calcium supplements. - CORRECT ANSWER B-The client
who takes an anticoagulant, such as a low-molecular-weight heparin,
is routinely screened for bloody urine, stools, or both. Clients taking
enoxaparin will not need to take calcium supplements or have
potassium imbalances related to the medication. The clubbing of
fingers may occur with chronic pulmonary diseases.
,
The nurse is caring for a client with a damaged tricuspid valve. The
nurse knows that the tricuspid valve is held in place by which of the
following?
A)Atrioventricular tendons
B)Semilunar tendineae
C)Papillary tendons
D) Chordae tendineae - CORRECT ANSWER D-Attached to the mitral
and tricuspid valves are cordlike structures known as chordae
tendineae, which in turn attach to papillary muscles, two major
muscular projections from the ventricles. Options B, C, and D are
distractors for the question.
The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher
association. A parent asks how he can help his family avoid
community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best
response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?
A) "Encourage your family to adopt a healthy diet and exercise
regimen."
B)"Encourage your family to stop smoking."
C) "Make sure your family has regular checkups." D)"Make sure your
family has all their childhood immunizations." - CORRECT ANSWER D-
To help prevent and control community-acquired infections, nurses
should encourage childhood immunizations. Vaccines stimulate the
body to produce antibodies against a specific disease organism. The
immunization protects children as well as adults who may not have
developed sufficient immunity. Following a proper diet and exercise
regimen and going for regular checkups are important, but these
measures do not help prevent or control community-acquired
infections. Smoking cessation does not reduce the risk of such
infections either.
The nurse is caring for a geriatric client. The client is ordered Lanoxin
(digoxin) tablets 0.125mg daily for a cardiac dysrhythmias. Which of
the following assessment considerations is essential when caring for
this age-group?
A)Digoxin level
B)Activity level
C)Dyspnea
,
D)Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER A-The action of Digoxin slows
and strengthens the heart rate. Assessment of the pulse rate is
essential prior to administration in all clients. Due to decreased
perfusion common in geriatric clients, toxicity may occur more often.
The nurse must monitor Digoxin levels in the body. Monitoring
symptoms reflecting cardiac output, activity level, and dyspnea are
also important assessment considerations for all clients.
A client is given a dose of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug for complaints of abdominal pain. Ten minutes after receiving the
medication, the client's eyes, lips, and face begin to swell, and the
nurse hears stridor. What priority measure should the nurse prepare to
do?
A)Assess the client's vital signs.
B)Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG).
C)Administer epinephrine.
D)Intubate the client. - CORRECT ANSWER C-Anaphylaxis is a rapid
and profound type I hypersensitivity response. A massive release of
histamine causes vasodilation; increased capillary permeability;
angioneurotic edema (acute swelling of the face, neck, lips, larynx,
hands, feet, genitals, and internal organs); hypotension; and
bronchoconstriction. A nurse must administer 0.2 mg of epinephrine
subcutaneously to a client experiencing a severe allergic reaction. It
is outside of the nurse's practice to intubate a client. Performing an
ECG and assessing the vital signs delays the treatment of the client
and can have negative outcomes.
A client will be receiving a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to
employment in a dialysis center. What type of immunity will this
provide?
A)Passive immunity
B)Naturally acquired active immunity
C)Forced immunity
D)Artificially acquired active immunity - CORRECT ANSWER D-
Artificially acquired immunity is obtained by receiving a killed or
weakened microorganism or toxoid. Passive immunity develops when
ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible person. The
antibodies provide immediate but short-lived protection from the
