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3 kinds of muscle tissue - correct answers skeletal, cardiac, smooth major purpose of muscle - correct answers converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical energy of motion muscle functions - correct answers -movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents -stability: maintain pos...

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  • February 13, 2025
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ASU BIO 201: EXAM 2025 WITH 100%
QUALITY ANSWERS

3 kinds of muscle tissue - correct answers ✔✔skeletal, cardiac, smooth



major purpose of muscle - correct answers ✔✔converting chemical energy in ATP --> mechanical energy
of motion



muscle functions - correct answers ✔✔-movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents

-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.

-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing

-control of openings and passageways: sphincters

-body heat production



characterizations of connective tissues of a muscle - correct answers ✔✔fascia, epimysium, perimysium,
endomysium



CT elements and how they merge with other tissues - correct answers ✔✔Tendons = attachments
between muscle and bone, dense-regular CT made of collagen fibers, epimysium surrounding entire
muscle is continuous with collagen fibers of tendons



role of collagen in connective tissues - correct answers ✔✔stretches slightly under tension and recoils
when released

-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury

-returns muscle to resting length

-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency



skeletal muscle shapes (with examples) - correct answers ✔✔Fusiform: biceps bracchi, gastrocnemius

Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis

,Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major

Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters

Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid



ways in which muscle attach to bone - correct answers ✔✔Indirect: tendons attach muscle to bone

Direct: fleshy attachment to bone

Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin



how tendons attach muscle to bone - correct answers ✔✔collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-, and
epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon merges into the periosteum of bone

-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet



origin and insertion definition - correct answers ✔✔Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of muscle

Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle



functional groups of muscles with example - correct answers ✔✔for elbow flexion

Prime mover (agonist): brachialis

Synergist: biceps brachii

Antagonist: triceps brachii

Fixator: rhomboideus



intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles - correct answers ✔✔Intrinsic: contained within a region (both origin and
insertion there)

Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere



characteristics of muscle - correct answers ✔✔Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals, stretch
and electrical changes across plasma membrane

Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber

Contractility: shortens when stimulated

Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions

, Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched



properties of skeletal muscle - correct answers ✔✔voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or more
bones



myofiber - correct answers ✔✔muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils



myofibrils - correct answers ✔✔long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the interior of a
muscle fiber, composed of myofilaments



myofilament - correct answers ✔✔protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction,
composed of myosin or actin proteins



functions of each part of a muscle fiber - correct answers ✔✔Sarcolemma: plasma membrane of a
muscle fiber

Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Mitochondria: packed in spaces between myofibrils

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): smooth ER that forms a network around each myofibril-calcium reservoir

Terminal cisternae: dilated end-sacs of SR which cross muscle fiber from one side to the other

T tubules: tubular infoldings of the sarcolemma which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the
other side

Triad: a T tubule and 2 terminal cisterns

Internal proteins: long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm

Multiple nuclei: flattened nuclei pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma



Glycogen and Myoglobin functions - correct answers ✔✔Glycogen: stored in abundance to provide
energy with heightened exercise

Myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen needed for muscle activity



Process of muscle growth and repair - correct answers ✔✔Repair by fibrosis rather than regeneration of
functional muscle

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