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Samenvatting Het skelet/osteologie

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In deze samenvatting vind je een overzicht van verschillende onderwerpen gelinkt aan de topografie van de anatomie. Dit gaat over de terminologie, vlakken en assen en de verschillende bewegingen die mogelijk zijn binnen verschillende vlakken.

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  • May 28, 2020
  • 6
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary
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Deel 2: Functionele anatomie van het bovenste lidmaat.................................................................................2

1 Het skelet/ ostelologie................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1 Wat?...............................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Opbouw..........................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Bouw van het bod...........................................................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Medulla ossium.......................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Structuur van het bod.....................................................................................................................................2
1.4.1 Andere....................................................................................................................................................3
1.5 Botten: soorten en maten..............................................................................................................................3
1.6 Pathologie botten...........................................................................................................................................3

2 Arthrologie................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Soorten botverbindingen................................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 Bindweefselverbinding...........................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Kraakbeenverbindingen..........................................................................................................................4
2.1.3 Gewrichten (=articulatio)........................................................................................................................4
2.2 Algemene bouw van het gewricht..................................................................................................................4
2.3 Soorten gewrichten........................................................................................................................................5
2.3.1 Kogelgewricht.........................................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 Elipsvormige gewricht.............................................................................................................................5
2.3.3 Zadelgewricht.........................................................................................................................................5
2.3.4 Scharniergewricht...................................................................................................................................5
2.3.5 Rolgewricht.............................................................................................................................................5
2.3.6 Draaigewricht..........................................................................................................................................5
2.3.7 Vlak gewricht..........................................................................................................................................5
2.3.8 Straf gewricht..........................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Powerpoint.....................................................................................................................................................6

, Deel 2: Functionele anatomie van het bovenste
lidmaat
1 Het skelet/ ostelologie
1.1 Wat?
 Bewegingsapparaat
 Passief skelet (zie atlas)!!!
 Stevigheid
 Actief: spierstelsel (spieren en pezen)
1.2 Opbouw
 Dia 7-9 + sesam p20
 Schedel (cranium)
 Pelvis (bekken)
o Dia 10 (aanvullen  zie website die 11
 Ulna (pinkzeide)
 Radius (duimzijde)
 Tibia (scheenbeen)
 Clavicula (scheenbeen)
 Manus (hand)
 Coccyx (staartbeen)
 Fibula
1.3 Bouw van het bod
 Os (ossa  meervoud): bot
 Periost vlies rond scheenbeen, heel gevoelig  herstelling van het bod
 Substansia compacte (bodweefsel) (wit) dik, hard bodweefsel, aan de buitekant
 Substansia spongiosa(zacht bodweefsle)(gaatjes)  sponsvormig, aan de binnenkant
 Endost  binnenzijde van het bod
 Proximale Epifyse(einde van bod)  bod meer aan de bovenkant (bv: deel aan de
schouder)
 Distale epifyse (einde van bod)  meer aan de onderkant (elleboog)
 Diafyse (middenstuk)  in elk gewricht, gebruikt worden voor ouderdomsbepaling
 Metafysaireschijf = epifysaire schijf  groeischijf voor lengtegroei van botstuk

1.3.1 Medulla ossium
o Gele beenmerg
 96% vet
 In mergholte van pijpbeenderen (endost)
o Rode beenmerg
 Bloedvormend orgaan
 In substansia spongiosa
1.4 Structuur van het bod
 Afhankelijk van omgevende weefsels
 Invloed van krachten die er op uitgeoefend worden

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