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Genetic Mutation Exam Questions All Solved New Update Genetic Mutation - Answers - any alteration of the DNA sequence of an organisms genome Mutations can be ? - Answers - inherited or acquired throughout life Mutations passed to offspring are called? - Answers - Germ-line Mutations -o...

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  • February 14, 2025
  • 10
  • 2024/2025
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Genetic Mutation Exam Questions All
Solved New Update
Genetic Mutation - Answers -✔✔ any alteration of the DNA sequence of an organisms
genome

Mutations can be ? - Answers -✔✔ inherited or acquired throughout life

Mutations passed to offspring are called? - Answers -✔✔ Germ-line Mutations

-occur in germ cells (give rise to gametes)

Non-inherited mutations are called ? - Answers -✔✔ Somatic Mutations

-occur in somatic (non-gametic) cells
-not passed onto offspring

Somatic mutations have major affects on who? - Answers -✔✔ an individual but will not
be passed on to future people in the population

3 ways mutations can happen - Answers -✔✔ environmental
chemical
spontaneous

Mutagen - Answers -✔✔ any compound that can cause mutations

Physical Mutagens - Answers -✔✔ Ionizing Radiation
UV light

Ionizing radiation - Answers -✔✔ X-ray, alpha particles, gamma rays

cause DNA breaks
-if 1 strand, can be patched up
-if both strands = double strand break (DSB)

UV light - Answers -✔✔ causes photochemical damage to DNA

-Pyrimidine Dimers --> 2 C's or 2 T's could become covalently linked forming an
outward bubble thing which is a distortion of the DNA backbone

Consequence of Pyrimidine Dimers if not fixed - Answers -✔✔ causes mutations during
DNA replication

, Reactive chemicals - Answers -✔✔ interact directly w/ DNA
chemicals can covalently alter bases or cause cross-linking or strand breaks

cross-links - Answers -✔✔ abnormal/covalent bonds between different parts of DNA

Example of reactive chemical mutation - Answers -✔✔ intercalating

compounds that look like purines/pyrimidines (large, flat aromatic ring structures) insert
themselves between base pairs & cause errors in DNA replication

Example of Intercalating mutation - Answers -✔✔ Ethidium Bromide

used in gel electrophoresis because it allows visualization of nucleic acids--but it
intercalates, distorts structure and disrupts DNA replication & transcription

Biologic Agents (mutations) - Answers -✔✔ DNA polymerase --has proofreading
abilities but can make mistakes
Virus --lysogenic viruses insert into genome of host
transposons

If DNA polymerase makes a mistake and incorrectly proofreads, what type of mutation
is this - Answers -✔✔ spontaneous (no mutagen present)

7 Types of mutations - Answers -✔✔ 1. Point Mutation

2. Insertions

3. Deletions

4. Inversions

5. Amplifications

6. Translocations & Rearrangements

7. Loss of Heterozygosity

Point Mutations - Answers -✔✔ single base pair substitutions (ex: A in place of G)

can be transitions or transversions

3 types of point mutations

transition point mutation - Answers -✔✔ substitute pyrimidine for another pyrimidine or
purine for purine

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