PN4003 Final Review - Questions With Clear, Concise
Solutions
Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - A condition in which low blood
volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body
water, results in inadequate perfusion.
Causes of Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - Severe bleeding,
dehydration, burns, diuretic therapy.
Class I Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 0-15% fluid loss; stable BP,
slight tachycardia.
Class II Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 15-30% fluid loss;
tachycardia, cool skin.
Class III Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 30-40% fluid loss;
hypotension, confusion, oliguria.
Class IV Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - >40% fluid loss;
hypotension, unconsciousness, extreme weakness.
Nursing Management for Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - FLUID
ADMINISTRATION (blood products, isotonic crystalloid solutions, colloid
solutions)
Oxygen
Vasoconstrictors
Surgery
Crystalloids Correct Answer - water-soluble solutions of electrolytes and
fluids that are used to help maintain the body's fluid balance
(NS, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic)
Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answer - Heart fails to pump sufficient blood.
Nursing Management for Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answer - 1. Raise HOB
2. Provide Oxygen
3. Vitals, cardiac monitor
, 4. PIV, labs, EKG, chest xray
5. Administer medications
6. Prep for procedure, if necessary
7. Enhance safety and comfort
Septic Shock Correct Answer - Shock due to widespread bacterial
infections.
Risk Factors for Septic Shock Correct Answer - Immunosuppressive
therapy, burns, advanced age.
Hyperdynamic Phase of Septic Shock Correct Answer - Warm skin,
tachycardia, normal or elevated BP.
Hypodynamic Phase of Septic Shock Correct Answer - Cold skin, weak
pulse, hypotension, oliguria.
Nursing Management for Septic Shock Correct Answer - Administer
antibiotics, monitor vital signs.
Neurogenic Shock Correct Answer - Shock from spinal cord injury or
damage.
Signs of Neurogenic Shock Correct Answer - Low BP, bradycardia,
decreased urine output.
Anaphylactic Shock Correct Answer - Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation.
Signs of Anaphylactic Shock Correct Answer - Anxiety, dyspnea, GI cramps,
hives, edema.
Epinephrine Correct Answer - First-line treatment for anaphylactic shock.
Common Medications for Shock Correct Answer - Inotropes: Increase the
heart's ability to pump (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics for septic shock (e.g., piperacillin-
tazobactam).
Vasopressors: For low blood pressure (e.g., norepinephrine, phenylephrine).
Solutions
Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - A condition in which low blood
volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body
water, results in inadequate perfusion.
Causes of Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - Severe bleeding,
dehydration, burns, diuretic therapy.
Class I Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 0-15% fluid loss; stable BP,
slight tachycardia.
Class II Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 15-30% fluid loss;
tachycardia, cool skin.
Class III Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - 30-40% fluid loss;
hypotension, confusion, oliguria.
Class IV Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - >40% fluid loss;
hypotension, unconsciousness, extreme weakness.
Nursing Management for Hypovolemic Shock Correct Answer - FLUID
ADMINISTRATION (blood products, isotonic crystalloid solutions, colloid
solutions)
Oxygen
Vasoconstrictors
Surgery
Crystalloids Correct Answer - water-soluble solutions of electrolytes and
fluids that are used to help maintain the body's fluid balance
(NS, isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic)
Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answer - Heart fails to pump sufficient blood.
Nursing Management for Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answer - 1. Raise HOB
2. Provide Oxygen
3. Vitals, cardiac monitor
, 4. PIV, labs, EKG, chest xray
5. Administer medications
6. Prep for procedure, if necessary
7. Enhance safety and comfort
Septic Shock Correct Answer - Shock due to widespread bacterial
infections.
Risk Factors for Septic Shock Correct Answer - Immunosuppressive
therapy, burns, advanced age.
Hyperdynamic Phase of Septic Shock Correct Answer - Warm skin,
tachycardia, normal or elevated BP.
Hypodynamic Phase of Septic Shock Correct Answer - Cold skin, weak
pulse, hypotension, oliguria.
Nursing Management for Septic Shock Correct Answer - Administer
antibiotics, monitor vital signs.
Neurogenic Shock Correct Answer - Shock from spinal cord injury or
damage.
Signs of Neurogenic Shock Correct Answer - Low BP, bradycardia,
decreased urine output.
Anaphylactic Shock Correct Answer - Severe allergic reaction causing
vasodilation.
Signs of Anaphylactic Shock Correct Answer - Anxiety, dyspnea, GI cramps,
hives, edema.
Epinephrine Correct Answer - First-line treatment for anaphylactic shock.
Common Medications for Shock Correct Answer - Inotropes: Increase the
heart's ability to pump (e.g., dopamine, dobutamine).
Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics for septic shock (e.g., piperacillin-
tazobactam).
Vasopressors: For low blood pressure (e.g., norepinephrine, phenylephrine).
