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Biology 106 Exam 2 Latest Versions Questions and Answers 2025
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What are some key traits that plants have in common with the Charophyceae? a. Flagellated sperm cells b. Apical meristems c. Alternation of generations d. Multicellular gametangia - Correct Ans-a. Flagellated sperm cells What new (derived) key traits have land plants evolved that they don't ...

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  • February 17, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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Biology 106



Biology 106 Exam 2 Latest Versions
Questions and Answers 2025

What are some key traits that plants have in common with the Charophyceae?
a. Flagellated sperm cells
b. Apical meristems
c. Alternation of generations
d. Multicellular gametangia - Correct Ans-a. Flagellated sperm cells

What new (derived) key traits have land plants evolved that they don't have in common
with the Charophyceae? - Correct Ans-Apical meristems, alternation of generations,
walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, and multicellular
dependent embryos

What does alternation of generations means? - Correct Ans-A life cycle in which there is
both multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, an a multicellular haploid form, the
gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae

What is the difference between a gametophyte and a sporophyte?
a. Gametophytes are in general the larger generation when compared to sporophytes
b. Sporophytes are always unicellular, while the gametophyte always forms a tissue
c. The gametophyte represents a multicellular, haploid phase, while the sporophyte is a
multicellular, diploid phase
d. two of the above - Correct Ans-c. The gametophyte represents a multicellular, haploid
phase, while the sporophyte is a multicellular, diploid phase

What are the three phyla of the Bryophytes?
a. Hornports, Anthocerophyta, Mosses
b. Lycophyta, Hepatophyta, Bryophyta
c. Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts
d. Hornworts, Psilotum, Hepatophyta - Correct Ans-c. Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts

In what way differ the gametophyte-sporophyte relationships when you compare the
mosses and other non-vascular plants with the ferns and other seedless vascular
plants? - Correct Ans-Sporophytes of seedless vascular plants are the larger generation
(as the familiar leafy fern) and the gametophytes are tiny plants that grow on or below
the soil surface

What are key developmental features that make ferns and other seedless vascular
plants distinct from bryophytes?
a. vascular tissue, leaves, roots
b. apical meristems, leaves, flagellated sperm cells

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,Biology 106

c. alternation of generation, roots, flowers
d. gametophytes, embryos, flagellated sperm cells - Correct Ans-a. vascular tissue,
leaves, roots

What are the two phyla of seedless vascular plants and what are the main groups within
these two phyla? - Correct Ans-Lycophyta (including club mosses, spike mosses, and
quillworts) and pterophyte (including ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their
relatives)

Which of the following were probably not factors that permitted early plants to
successfully colonize land?
1. the limited number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. The atmosphere's relative lack of support and water preservation, compared to a
watery environment
3. the availability of symbiotic partners
4. the limited number of competitors

a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 3 and 4
d. 1,2, and 3
e. 1,2, and 4 - Correct Ans-b. 2 and 3

You find a green, plant-like looking organism in a lake. You have a microscope and can
carefully analyze it. What criteria would point out that you exclude it is a green algae
you investigate?
1. after cell division, a phragmoplast
2. you find multicellular dependent embryos
3. the plasma membrane contains rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
4. the organism has multicellular gametangia

a. 1+2
b. 2+3
c. 3+4
d. 1 +4
e. 2+4 - Correct Ans-e. 2+4

a sporangium is normally?
a. haploid
b. diploid
c. zygoid - Correct Ans-b. diploid

What does the term heterospory means? - Correct Ans-Production of spores of two
different sizes and sexes by the sporophytes of land plants

What defines an ovule?

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, Biology 106

a. It comprises a female gametophyte, a microsporophyte, and a seed
b. It comprises a megasporangium, megaspore, and their integuments
c. It is an egg cell, surrounded by an endosperm, and a megasporangium
d. It is the basic structure of the later flower, therefore contains sepals and petals, as
well as a stigma to receive the pollen - Correct Ans-b. It comprises a megasporangium,
megaspore, and their integuments

What are the advantages of having reduced gametophytes? - Correct Ans-Moist
reproductive sporophyte provides protection from UV and drying out

What are the evolutionary advantages of a seed? - Correct Ans-Seeds are multicellular
providing the seed coat, can remain dormant, and have supply of stored food

How does the role of the sporophyte change if you go from lower land plants
(bryophytes) to higher land plants (e.g. gymnosperms or angiosperms)? - Correct Ans-
Sporophytes in lower land plants is more for reproductive purposes

Flower
(a) What is the difference between an ovary and an ovule? - Correct Ans-The ovary
holds the ovule

Flower
(b) In pollination, what part of the flower receives the pollen?
a. style
b. sepal
c. ovule
d. stigma - Correct Ans-d. stigma

Flower
(c) What are petals good for? - Correct Ans-Aid in attracting pollinators

Fruits
(a) If you look at a flower and a fruit, what parts of a flower can be found in a fruit? -
Correct Ans-The ovary

Fruits
(b) Why do gymnosperms don't have fruits?
a. They have an ovary which does not allow a fruit to develop
b. They lack the vascular tissue which is a requirement for fruit development
c. They have exposed/naked seeds and do not flower
d. They have no ovules and therefore no fruits - Correct Ans-c. They have
exposed/naked seeds and do not flower

Double Fertilization
(a) What does the term 'double fertilization' means, and why does that not exist in
Gymnosperms? - Correct Ans-Union of two sperm cells with different nuclei of the

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