Summary for block 1.8 at Erasmus university (). I'm enrolled in international psychology, however the sources and study materials are the same in both psychology courses. Hence, these summaries may also be useful for Dutch students. The summaries are based on at least 2 of the required reading mate...
Summary #5 constructivism & PBL
Constructivism
= a broad term (used by curriculum designers, philosophers, educators, etc.) for an area in
contemporary epistemology and education.
Grounded in research of Piaget, Vygotsky & gestalt psychologists.
Most constructivist theories agree on 2 central ideas
1. Psychological
= Learners are active in constructing their own knowledge
focus on how individuals use information, resources and help from other to build
mental models
2. Social
= Social interactions are important in the knowledge construction process
learning increases ability to participate in culturally meaningful acts.
o First wave constructivism/solo constructivism/cognitive constructivism
emphasis is on central idea 1; individual makes meaningful cognitive structures. Internal
psychological life is the focus.
Closely related to Piaget: environment is an important factor in development, but did
not believe social interaction for changing thinking
Radical constructivism? We can never know objective reality/truth
o Second wave constructivism
putting learning in social and cultural context shape individual development & learning
Closely related to Vygotsky: social constructivist
Appropriation: being able to reason, act and participate using cultural tools.
Important concepts:
- Zone of proximal development: area in which a child can solve a problem with help
(scaffolding) of a peer/adult culture and cognition shape each other.
- Cognitive apprenticeship: working alongside a master/other apprentice learn skills,
trades, crafts because they provide models, demonstrations, and corrections and a
motivating personal bond.
- Scaffolding: help from teacher, gradually reduced.
- Social learning: learning through interaction with experts
Model
Coach
Scaffold
Articulate knowledge
Reflection by comparing to expert
Explore ways to apply knowledge
INTEGRATION of waves: knowledge is individually constructed and socially mediated.
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