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PSYC 185 EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED!!
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PSYC 185 EXAM 1 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS100% VERIFIED!!
developmental science
interdisciplinary field (psychology, anthropology, biology, linguistics, neuroscience,
sociology) that focuses on changes over time
periods of development
prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence
domains of development
cognitive, social, emotional, physical
contexts of development
cultures, schools, home, peers, neighborhoods/communities, governments
historical beliefs about children vs now
-picking up crying or fussy child will make than spoiled → positive and responsive
caregiving
-children play important only because it promotes physical development → built to
stimulate the mind, imagination, and body
historical beliefs
-viewed as miniature adults in medieval times, with children as young as 3 taking care of
babies
-protestant reformation: children are born in original sin
-industrial revolution (late 19th, early 20th): farm factory → school, mortality rates
,decreased, birth rates decreased
darwin's theory
had an impact on the beginning of developmental science
william preyer's sequences of behavior
strictly observe children to identify sequences of behavior (crawling to walking) and
how biological and environmental factors influence a child's development
james baldwin
children's abilities progress through a series of specific stages...first of many stage
theories of development
stanford-binet
first widely used intelligence test..identified schoolchildren who could benefit from
special instruction
Four fundamental issues of development science
1. source of development (nature v nurture)
2. plasticity
3.continuous v discontinuous
4.individual differences
plasticity
how likely development is open to change and intervention
-sensitive period: more sensitive to learning language in first few years of live, if not
exposed to any until 7, incapable of acquiring it
continuous vs discontinuous
, depends on where and when you look
continuous:
-quantitative
-growth in number of connections among brain cells
-amount of information that can be stored in memory
-number of words in vocabulary
discontinuous:
-qualitative (larva, pupa, adult)
-new patterns in behavior emerging at specific points in development
-babbling to talking, crawling to walking,
-reason from ones own experience to hypothetically
who thinks egocentrically?
4 year olds
individual differences
to what extent are characteristics stable? How are individuals different from each
other?
psychodynamic theories
explore the influence on development and developmental stages of universal biological
drives and the life experiences of individuals
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