Exam (elaborations)

NRSG266 Exam Practice Questions with All Correct Answers

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NRSG266

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nrsg266 exam practice
nrsg266 exam practice questions

Institution NRSG266
Course NRSG266

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NRSG266 Exam Practice Questions
with All Correct Answers

Define caregiver burden - Answer-Caregiver burden refers to the burden carried by
persons while carrying out responsibilities for a chronically ill person, or frail and/or
elderly friend or family member

List the 4 areas impacted by caregiver burden - Answer-- physical
- emotional
- financial
- psychological

Define palliative care - Answer-An approach that improves the QOL of pts and their
families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the
prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable
assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychological and
spiritual.

List the 4 main focus points of palliative care - Answer-- symptom management
- QOL
- pt comfort
- family and pt support

List the 8 key principles of palliative care - Answer-- used early in the course of an
illness
- promotes holistic care
- family and significant others included
- emphasis on assessment, early identification and implementation
- disease modifying treatments are included
- can be provided in any setting
- emphasis on a team approach

List the 3 main models of palliative care in Australia - Answer-1. The palliative approach
2. Specialised palliative care
3. End-of-life care

Explain the palliative approach - Answer-- used when no cure
- focus on management of symptoms whilst promoting QOL
- low-moderate level of care
- goal is to provide pt comfort, holistic and person-centred care

,Explain specialised palliative care - Answer-- manages complex symptoms or groups of
symptoms
- moderate to high level of care
- referral to MDT palliative care team often required
- goal = assessment and management of complex symptoms

Explain end-of-life palliative care - Answer-- care provided during the final stages of life
- involves the final days or weeks of life
- goal = focus on physical, emotional and spiritual comfort and support for the family

List 5 of the possible symptoms that are managed by a palliative care team - Answer--
pain
- incontinence
- N/V
- bowel problems - usually constipation
- fatigue
- disturbed sleep
- diminished appetite
- dyspnoea
- psychological distress
- end-of-life symptoms - dyspnoea, chainstoking breathing

List 5 complementary/non-pharmacological interventions for palliative care - Answer--
aromatherapy
- massage
- mindfulness meditation
- music therapy
- traditional chinese medicines - check contraindications

List the 6 most common medication classes used for palliative care patients - Answer--
analgesics
- antiemetic
- laxatives/aperients
- steroids
- antidepressants
- neuroleptics (delirium especially in the context of dementia)

List 6 considerations in nursing care for the dying patient - Answer-- ALOC
- hypotension
- complementary therapies
- pain relief
- fundamental nursing care
- follow the lead of the family

What do nurses do when the pt dies? - Answer-- attend to the families needs

, - notify the dr and GP if a community death
- turn all pumps, O2 and anything else off
- don't move the body until the family are ready
- health care setting - follow the hospital procedures for after-death care and consider
other pts connection to the pt if long-term

Describe the difference between end-of-life and palliative - Answer-End-of-life care
entails the 12 months prior to death, whereas palliative care is specifically tailored to
assist with the effects of life-limiting illness and does not have a specified time-frame.

Briefly explain millers theory - Answer-- care is holistic - wellness more than
physiological functions
- negative consequences can occurs
- nursing intervention alleviates negative consequences and promotes positive
outcomes
- health promotion interventions are prioritised

Explain the wear and tear theory - Answer-- Repetitive use of different body structures
eventually leads to wear-and-tear defects occurring
- Longevity of human body impacted by: care it receives and genetic components
- Harmful and stressful factors can exacerbate process

Explain the cross-linking theory - Answer-- Ageing results from the accumulation of intra
- and intermolecular bonds between molecules, known as "cross-links"
- Over-time result in alteration of chemical and biological properties of the cell
- Associated w/:
o Loss of skin elasticity and muscle tissue
o Stiffening of blood vessel walls
o Changes in the lens of the eye
o Delayed wound healing
o Reduced joint mobility
o ?contribution to development of beta-mamyloid in the brain, AD precursor

Explain the free radical theory - Answer-- "oxidative stress"
- Free radical are:
o By-products of cellular activity
o Always present in the cell
o Highly reactive molculare
o May damage membranes of proteins, enzymes and DNA
- Made in the body through oxidation of proteins, enzymes and DNA
o Lipofuscin - a lipoprotein by-product of oxidation of unsaturated fats which
accumulates in arterial walls
- Many environmental sources of free radicals e.g. smoking, radiation and pollution etc

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NRSG266 Exam Practice Questions with All Correct Answers

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