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ATLS EXAM With Correct Answers.
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ATLS EXAM With Correct Answers.
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ATLS EXAM With Correct AnswersTrue or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to those for the younger population, data
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shows increased mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults. - correct answersTrue
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In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological reserve? - correct answersaging is characterized by
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impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an increased susceptibility to the stress of
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injury. Insults tolerated by the younger population can lead to devastating results in elderly patients.
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Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include: - correct answerscirrhosis, coagulopathy,
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COPD, ischemic heart disease, DM
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What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? - correct answersFall. Nonfatal falls are
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common in women and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are the most common cause of TBI.
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In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? - correct answersadvanced age, physical impairment,
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history of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait, and visual, cognitive impairment
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Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on weekends and typically involve other vehicles.
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Why? - correct answersOlder people drive on more familiar roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive during
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the day. Older people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical mobility, decreased
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hearing, and cognitive impairment. x x x
,True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized burns in older adults remains high - correct
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answersTrue
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-epithelialize due to an adequate number of
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hair follicles, will result in a full thickness burn in older patients. - correct answersthis is true
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Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If dentures are not obstructing
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the airway, leave them in place for what? - correct answersbag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
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When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos, barbiturates, and other sedatives should be
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reduced to what percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? - correct answers20-40%
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Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased sensitivity to catecholamines,
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atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta blockers) - correct answersthis
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results in lack of classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP at baseline, and
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increased risk of dysrythmias. x x x
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity,
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decreased gas exchange and decreased cough reflex - correct answersthus they are at increased risk for
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respiratory failure, increased risk for pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
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Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass, decreased GFR, and decreased sensitivity to
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ADH and aldosterone - correct answersresulting in drug dosing for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to
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concentrate urine, increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with hypovolemia
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Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass, osteoporosis, changes in joints and cartilage, c
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spine degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous fat - correct answersresulting in
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increased risk for fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of skin injury, increased risk
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for hypothermia, challenges in rehabiliation
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Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased production and response to thyroxin and
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decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - correct answersresulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative
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hypercortisone states and increased risk of infection x x x x x x
, True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative
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changes affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with severe central canal stenosis, cord
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compression, and myelomalacia - correct answerstrue x x x x x
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a gauze between gums and cheek to
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achieve seal when using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging causes a suppressed
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heart rate response to hypoxia...... - correct answersrespiratory failure may present insidiously in older
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adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being
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inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable. - correct answersElderly patients have a fixed heart rate x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
and fixed cardiac output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve increasing their systemic vascular
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resistance. Furthermore, since older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a hypotensive
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state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
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Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients - correct answersBP in older patients may look
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normal due to the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit to evaluate for evidence of shock
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what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial hemorrhage? - correct answersaging causes dura
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to become more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and older patients are on anticoagulant and
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antiplatelet medications. x
Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical conditions place elderly patients as risk for
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hypothermia and complications for immobility. - correct answersRapid evaluation and when possible early x x x x x x x x x x x x x
liberation from spine boards and cervical collars will minimize complications. x x x x x x x x x
True or False: Fall prevention is the mainstay of reducing the mortality associated with pelvic fractures. -
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correct answerstrue x
poor hygiene, dehydration, oral injury, contusions affecting the inner arms, inner thighs, palms, soles, scalp,
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ear, nasal bridge and temple injury from being struck while wearing glasses, contact burns and scalds. These
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are all signs of.......? - correct answersElder maltreatment. The presence of physical findings of maltreatment
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should prompt a detailed history. if history conflicts with findings, immediately report findings to authorities.
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