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BIO 669 EXAM 2 – hematology Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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BIO 669 EXAM 2 – hematologyQuestions and Answers | Accurate
A patient's anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis.
The nurse would recognize the erythrocytes would be: - Correct Answers -able to
assume various shapes.
R: Poikilocytosis means the erythrocytes are able to assume various shapes; it does not
refer to color, size, and life span.
A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the
following types of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart? - Correct
Answers -Pernicious
R:A lack of the intrinsic factor leads to pernicious anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is not
related to the intrinsic factor. Pernicious anemia is due to the lack of the intrinsic factor;
sideroblastic anemia is not related to the intrinsic factor. Hemolytic anemia results from
destruction of cells.
When a nurse is reviewing lab results and notices that the erythrocytes contain an
abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin, the nurse calls these erythrocytes: -
Correct Answers -hypochromic
R: Hypochromic erythrocytes have low concentrations of hemoglobin. Hyperchromic
erythrocytes have high concentrations of hemoglobin. Macrocytic and microcytic refer to
cell size.
A 5-year-old was diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia. Which type of
anemia does the nurse suspect the patient has? - Correct Answers -Hemolytic
R:Hemolytic anemia is an example of normocytic-normochromic anemia. Sideroblastic
anemia is an example of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Pernicious anemia is an
example of a macrocytic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is an example of microcytic
hypochromic anemia.
After initial compensation, what hemodynamic change should the nurse monitor for in a
patient who has a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes? - Correct
Answers -Hyperdynamic circulatory state
, R: After initial compensation, the blood flows faster and more turbulently than normal
blood, causing a hyperdynamic circulatory state. Blood viscosity decreases rather than
increases. Cardiac output increases. Alteration in coagulation does not occur.
A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of
blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? - Correct Answers -
Peripheral vasoconstriction
R:When the anemia is severe or acute in onset (e.g., hemorrhage), the initial
compensatory mechanism is peripheral blood vessel constriction, diverting blood flow to
essential vital organs. Fluid moves into the vascular space, not the cell. Blood volume
increases; thus, cardiac output increases. There is an increase in hemoglobin release of
oxygen.
A 60-year-old patient diagnosed with emphysema experiences a rapid and pounding
heart, dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which respiratory assessment findings
indicate the respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand? -
Correct Answers -Increased rate and depth of breathing
R: The rate and depth of breathing increase in an effort to increase oxygen availability
accompanied by an increase in the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. Bronchodilation
occurs, not constriction. Dyspnea is not a compensatory mechanism but a side effect of
the body's attempt to increase oxygen. The respiratory system does not activate the
renin-angiotensin response; the kidneys are involved.
A 2-year-old malnourished child is diagnosed with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A
blood smear suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would
expect the hemoglobin to be: - Correct Answers -normal.
R: The macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemias are characterized by unusually large stem
cells (megaloblasts) in the marrow that mature into erythrocytes that are unusually large
in size (macrocytic), thickness, and volume. The hemoglobin content is normal, thus
allowing them to be classified as normochromic.
A 45-year-old is diagnosed with macrocytic, normochromic anemia. The nurse suspects
the most likely cause of this condition is: - Correct Answers -defective DNA synthesis.
R: These anemias are the result of ineffective erythrocyte DNA synthesis; hemoglobin is
normal. These anemias are not related to use of vitamin C or blocked protein synthesis.
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious
anemia). The most likely cause is a decrease in: - Correct Answers -intrinsic factor.
R: The underlying alteration in pernicious anemia (PA) is the absence of intrinsic factor
(IF), an enzyme required for gastric absorption of dietary vitamin B12, a vitamin
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