Exam (elaborations)

WGU D426 Web Development Foundations Terms Explained

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WGU D426

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Western Governors University

WGU D426 Web Development Foundations Terms Explained WGU D426 Web Development Foundations Terms Explained Data << correct answer >> Numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world systems. Analog << correct answer >> Historically, data was...

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WGU D426 Web Development Foundations Terms
Explained

Data << correct answer >> Numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes
real-world systems.
Analog << correct answer >> Historically, data was mostly analog, encoded as
continuous variations on various physical media.
Digital << correct answer >> Today, data is mostly digital, encoded as zeros and ones
on electronic and magnetic media.
Database << correct answer >> A collection of data in a structured format.
Database system << correct answer >> Software that reads and writes data in a
database, ensuring data is secure, consistent, and available.
Query language << correct answer >> A specialized programming language designed
for database systems. It is a computer programming language for writing database
queries.
Database application << correct answer >> Software that helps business users interact
with database systems.
Database administrator << correct answer >> Is responsible for securing the database
system against unauthorized users. A database administrator enforces procedures for
user access and database system availability.
Database designer << correct answer >> Determines the format of data elements and
the overall database structure. It is a specification of database objects such as tables,
columns, data types, and indexes. Database design also refers to the process used to
develop the specification.
Database programmer << correct answer >> Develops computer programs that utilize a
database.
Database user << correct answer >> A consumer of data in a database who requests,
updates, or uses stored data.
Transaction << correct answer >> A group of queries that must be completed or
rejected as a whole.
Database Architecture << correct answer >> The internal components and relationships
of a database system.
Query processor << correct answer >> Interprets queries, creates a plan to modify or
retrieve data, and returns query results.

The query processor performs query optimization to ensure the most efficient
instructions are executed on the data.
Storage manager << correct answer >> Translates the query processor instructions into
low-level file-system commands that modify or retrieve data. Database sizes range from
megabytes to many terabytes, so the storage manager uses indexes to quickly locate
data.
Indexes << correct answer >> Used by the storage manager to quickly locate data.

,Transaction manager << correct answer >> Ensures transactions are properly
executed.

The transaction manager prevents conflicts between concurrent transactions. The
transaction manager also restores the database to a consistent state in the event of a
transaction or system failure.
Log << correct answer >> A file containing a complete record of all database changes.
Catalog << correct answer >> A directory of tables, columns, indexes, and other
database objects.
Relational database << correct answer >> Stores data in tables, columns, and rows.

A type of database that uses a structure called a relational model to organize and
manage data. Data is organized into tables, where each table consists of rows and
columns.
SQL << correct answer >> Structured Query Language, the standard query language of
relational databases. It was first developed at IBM in the 1970s as an experimental
query language for a prototype relational database.
Structured Query Language << correct answer >> The standard query language of
relational databases. A high-level language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving
data.
Big data << correct answer >> Massive volumes of online data, often with poorly
structured or missing information.
NoSQL << correct answer >> Non-relational systems optimized for big data.
Open source << correct answer >> Software that can be inspected, copied, and
modified with no licensing fee.
Query << correct answer >> A command for a database that inserts, retrieves, updates,
or deletes data.
CRUD << correct answer >> Create, Read, Update, and Delete data.
Statement << correct answer >> A database command, such as a query or update. A
SQL statement is a complete command composed of one or more clauses.
Data type << correct answer >> A named set of values, from which column values are
drawn. The format of column values. Each column is assigned a data type that indicates
the format of column values. ____ _____ can be numeric, textual, or complex. A ____
____ is a named set of values from which column values are drawn.
Database design << correct answer >> The specification of database objects and the
process used to develop the specification.
Application programming interface << correct answer >> Links a programming language
to a database.
API (Application Programming Interface) << correct answer >> A library of procedures
or classes that links a host programming language to a database. The host language
calls library procedures, which handle details such as connecting to the database,
executing queries, and returning results.
Analysis << correct answer >> The phase that specifies database requirements without
regard to a specific database system. Requirements are represented as entities,
relationships, and attributes.

, An entity is a person, place, activity, or thing.

A relationship is a link between entities.

An attribute is a descriptive property of an entity.
term-38
It has many alternative names, such as conceptual design, entity-relationship modeling,
and requirements definition.
ER diagrams << correct answer >> Depict entities, relationships, and attributes.

Rectangles represent entities. Entity names appear at the top of rectangles.

Lines between rectangles represent relationships.

Text inside rectangles and below entity names represent attributes.

ER diagrams are usually supplemented by textual descriptions of entities, relationships,
and attributes.
Logical design << correct answer >> Implements database requirements in a specific
database system. For relational database systems, logical design converts entities,
relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns. It also affects the query
result.

Specifies tables, columns, and keys. The logical design process is described elsewhere
in this material.
Key << correct answer >> A column used to identify individual rows of a table. Refers to
a field or set of fields in a database table that is used to uniquely identify a record in that
table. ___ play a crucial role in organizing and accessing data efficiently.
Table diagram << correct answer >> A graphical representation of the logical design.
Refers to a visual representation of the structure of a relational database table. These
diagrams are often part of the database design process and are used to illustrate the
various components and relationships within a table.
Schema << correct answer >> The logical design specified in SQL and depicted in a
table diagram. Refers to the structure or blueprint that defines the organization of data
within a database. It provides a logical framework for how the database is designed and
how the data is organized and related to one another. The ______ defines the tables,
fields, relationships, and constraints that make up the database.
Physical design << correct answer >> Adds indexes and specifies how tables are
organized on storage media. It is specified with SQL statements such as CREATE
INDEX and, like logical design, is specific to a database system. It can be depicted in
diagrams. However, logical design is more important for database users and
programmers, so physical design diagrams are not commonly used. It also affects query
processing speed but never affects the query result.

Specifies indexes, table structures, and partitions. Physical design affects query
performance but never affects query results.

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