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NBME CBSSA Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment Exam Review Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ | NBME CBSSA & NBME CBSE Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment and Examination NBME USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination): USMLE Step 1, 2 and 3

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Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) &
National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME)

NBME USMLE (United States Medical Licensing
Examination): USMLE Step 1, 2 and 3
NBME CBSSA & NBME CBSE Comprehensive Basic
Science Self- Assessment and Examination

Course Title and Number: NBME CBSSA, NBME CBSE, and
NBME USMLE Exam
Exam Title: NBME
Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026
Instructor: ____ [Insert Instructor’s Name] _______
Student Name: ___ [Insert Student’s Name] _____
Student ID: ____ [Insert Student ID] _____________

Examination
Time: - ____ Hours: ___ Minutes
Instructions:
1. Read each question carefully.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
4. Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
5. Please answer each question below and click Submit when you
have completed the Exam.
6. This test has a time limit, The test will save and submit
automatically when the time expires
7. This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course
Learning Resources.


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NBME CBSSA Comprehensive Basic Science Self-
Assessment Exam Review Questions and
Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
2025- 2026
NBME CBSSA & NBME CBSE Comprehensive
Basic Science Self- Assessment and Examination
NBME USMLE (United States Medical Licensing
Examination): USMLE Step 1, 2 and 3

Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -


National Board of Medical Examiners®
Comprehensive Basic Science Self- Assessment


1. Exam Section 1: Item 1 of 50
National Board of Medical Examiners® Comprehensive
Basic Science Self-Assessment
2. Free purine and pyrimidine bases are reutilized in
normal metabolism. In children with Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome who have intellectual disability, poor
muscle coordination, and self-mutilation tendencies,
there is a defect in the salvage of which of the
following


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pairs of bases?
A) Adenine and thymine
B) Guanine and hypoxanthine
C) Guanine and uric acid
D) Uracil and cytosine
E) Xanthine and hypoxanthine: B.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome presents with intellectual disability,
aggressive behavior, self-mutilation, gout, and dystonia. The
disorder is due to inactivating mutations of hypoxanthine-
guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), a key enzyme in
the purine salvage
pathway, and is inherited in an X-linked recessive fashion.
HGPRT catalyzes the conversion of guanine to guanosine
monophosphate and hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate.
Patients with deficient activity of HGPRT are unable to salvage
guanine and
hypoxanthine and develop resultant increased levels of
xanthine and uric acid. Hyperuricemia in Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome is treated with xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as
allopurinol or febuxostat, in order to reduce the synthesis of
uric acid.
Incorrect Answers: A, C, D and E.
Adenine and thymine (Choice A) are purine and pyrimidine
bases, respectively. Purine and pyrimidine salvage are handled
through two distinct pathways that are not commonly involved
in a single disease process.
Guanine and uric acid (Choice C) accumulation may occur as
part of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, however, the accumulation of
uric acid is also secondary to accumulation of hypoxanthine.
Choice B more accurately describes defective salvage of
guanine and
hypoxanthine as the fundamental effect of HGPRT dysfunction.
The accumulation of uric acid is secondary.
Uracil and cytosine (Choice D) are pyrimidine nucleotides.
Pyrimidine salvage is not affected by mutations of HGPRT.
Defects of xanthine and hypoxanthine (Choice E) metabolism
may result from


defects in HGPRT. However, HGPRT dysfunction results in
impaired hypoxanthine salvage with resultant excessive


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production of xanthine, rather than impaired xan- thine
salvage.
Educational Objective: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome presents with
intellectual disability, aggressive behavior, self-mutilation, gout,
and dyst
2. 2
----------
Exam Section 1: Item 3 of 50 National Board of Medical
Examiners
Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment
3. A 42-year-old man is struck by a motor vehicle. His
only injury is a closed fracture of the proximal tibia.
Initial neurovascular examination shows no deficits.
Twenty-four hours later, he has increased leg pain and
paresthesias in the dorsal space between his
first and second toes. The patient begins to pass dark
red urine and becomes oliguric. Urinalysis is positive for
blood but no erythrocytes are seen on microscopic
examination. Which of the following acute disorders is
the most likely cause of the renal
failure?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
C) Interstitial nephritis
D) Nephrotic syndrome
E) Tubular necrosis: E.
Tibial fractures present a high risk for compartment syndrome.
The fracture results in blood vessel injury and muscle injury,
inflammation, and edema. Because the fascia containing the
anterior compartment of the leg does not stretch, bleeding and
swelling can
cause increased pressure in the compartment. This increased
pressure in turn inhibits venous drainage, further increasing
pressure in the compartment. Eventually the nerve supply and
associated arteries are compromised, leading to the classic
signs and
symptoms of compartment syndrome. Signs and symptoms of
compartment syn- drome include pain out of proportion to
examination findings, pain with passive movement of the
muscles, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness, and paralysis. Com-
promised blood supply


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