EPPP: Abnormal Psychology - Questions With Easy-to-Understand Solutions

EPPP: Abnormal Psychology - Questions With Easy-to-
Understand Solutions

The DSM-V is diagnostic system that uses a __________&___________. Right Ans -
categorical approach
polythetic criteria sets

What accounts for diagnostic heterogeneity in the DSM? Right Ans -
Polythetic criteria set

Define polythetic Right Ans - A subset of information from a larger set

etiology of IDD Right Ans - - 5% due to heridity
- 30% due to chromosomal changes/toxins
- 15-20% due to environment
- 10% due to pregnancy problems
- 5% due to med conditions during infancy/childhood

IDD criteria Right Ans - Deficits in:
- intellectual functioning,
- adaptive functioning
- onset during developmental period

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder Right Ans - -Impaired social
communication/interactions
-restricted/repetitive behavior, interests, activities
-onset during early development (before 12mos)

etiology of ASD Right Ans - - unusual large head growth
- structural abnormalities in cerebellum/amygdala
- genetic etiology
- elevated levels of dopamine/serotonin/other neurotransmitters

Prognosis for ASD Right Ans - Prog is usually poor
Better outcomes associated with:
- communication skills by age 5 or 6
-IQ over 70
- late onset of symptoms

,ADHD criteria Right Ans - -onset prior to age 12
-significant impairment in at least 2 settings
-duration of symptoms 6 months or more
-at least 6 symptoms of inattention and 6 of hyperactive-impulsive

Etiology of ADHD Right Ans - -linked to lower than normal activity/smaller
size in the frontal lobes, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus
- high rates among bio relatives/identical twins

Prognosis of ADHD Right Ans - 65-85% of children continue to meet
criteria in adolescence
15% continue to meet criteria in young adulthood
60% meet partial remission criteria
2:1 for children
1:6:1 for adults

Prevalence rate for ADHD Right Ans - 5% in children
2.5% in adults

ADHD treatment Right Ans - Methylphenidate/other central nervous
stimulants
effective in 75% of cases
parent training
teacher training
positive reinforcement
timeout

Behavioral disinhibition hypothesis (ADHD) Right Ans - an inability to
regulate behavior to fit situational demands

Specific Learning Disorder Right Ans - difficulties related to academic skills
6 month duration
onset during school age years
ADHD most common comorbid d/o (20-30%)
2:1 to 3:1 range for boys to girls

specific learning disorders etiology Right Ans - cerebellar vestibular
dysfunction (otitis media)

, exposure to toxins
genetics

Tic Disorder Right Ans - Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor
movement or vocalization

Tourette's Disorder Right Ans - 1 vocal tic
multiple motor tics
persisted for more than 1 yr
onset prior to age 18
Most common assoc. feat: obsessions and compulsions

Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder Right Ans - One or more motor or
vocal tics
Persistent for at least 1 year
Onset before age 18

Provisional Tic Disorder Right Ans - single or multiple motor and/or vocal
tics
Persisted for <1 year
onset before age 18

Etiology of Tourette's Disorder Right Ans - Excessive dopamine
Super sensitivity of dopamine receptors in the caudate nuclues

Tourette's Disorder treatment Right Ans - Comprehensive Behavioral
Treatment
- Psychological self monitoring
- relaxation training
- habit reversal
Haldol/Pimozide

Oppositional Deviant Disorder Right Ans - recurrent pattern of
angry/irritable mood
argumentative/defiant behavior
vindictiveness (loses temper, argues with authority, refuses to comply with
requests, blames others)
Sx for at least 6 months