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EPPP-Developmental Psychology: Questions And Verified Answers
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EPPP-Developmental Psychology: Questions And Verified Answers
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EPPP-Developmental Psychology: Questions AndVerified Answers
Characteristics determined by information coded on a person's genes is called
________, while ________ refers to a set of observable and measurable
characteristics (e.g., eye color, intelligence) that develop from an interaction
between a person's genetics and their environment. Right Ans - Genotype;
phenotype
The idea that genes set boundaries within which environment determines
what phenotypes will occur is referred to as what? Right Ans - Range of
Reaction (or Norm of Reaction)
The time-frame during which a living organism is biologically prepared to
acquire certain behaviors, but is only able to do so with the presence of
appropriate environmental stimuli, is called what? Right Ans -
Critical/Sensitive Period
This term refers to patterns of development that are genetically determined
and are influenced very little by the environment. Right Ans - Maturation
What term is used to describe characteristics that are rather resistant to
environmental forces, taking a narrower developmental path? Right Ans -
Canalization
The fact that children have been starting puberty earlier due to better health
practices is one example of a/an ________, which is defined as long-term
differences across cohorts that indicate the impact of environment on
development. Right Ans - Secular trend
What statistic is used to estimate the degree to which a certain characteristic
can be attributed to genetic factors? Right Ans - The heritability index
A person with this disorder lacks an enzyme necessary for the digestion of the
phenylalanine amino acid, which remains toxic to the brain in its undigested
form and leads to severe mental retardation. Right Ans - Phenylketonuria
(PKU)
,What incurable neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle
coordination and some cognitive functions is an example of an autosomal
dominant gene disorder? Right Ans - Huntington's Chorea
This disorder is caused by an extra number 21 chromosome and is
characterized by moderate to profound mental retardation, abnormal physical
features (flattened face, protruding tongue, stocky build), heart abnormalities,
and thyroid dysfunction. Right Ans - Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)
________ is caused by an extra X chromosome in males and leads to incomplete
development of secondary sex characteristics; ________ occurs in females when
all or part of the second X chromosome is missing and causes sterility, short
stature, stubby fingers, and undeveloped secondary sex characteristics;
________ occurs in both males and females and is caused by a weak site on the X
chromosome, leading to mental retardation, facial abnormalities, and
abnormal speech. Right Ans - Klinefelter's Syndrome; Turner's Syndrome;
Fragile X Syndrome
Environmental agents, such as drugs or infections, that cause abnormalities by
interfering with normal prenatal development are called what? Right Ans -
Teratogens
During what period of fetal development is a teratogen most likely to cause a
major structural defect to a developing organ? Right Ans - Embryonic
period (end of second week after conception to end of eighth week)
Symptoms of ________, a condition caused by a pregnant mother's heavy alcohol
consumption, include retarded growth, microcephaly (underdeveloped, small
brain), facial deformities, hyperactivity, irritability, and mental retardation;
when only some of the symptoms are present (e.g., lower IQ and
hyperactivity), the condition is referred to as ________. Right Ans - Fetal
alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol effects
TRUE or FALSE: A pregnant woman undergoing antiretroviral therapy is
significantly less likely to transmit HIV to her child during the pregnancy
process when compared to woman not receiving the therapy? Right Ans -
TRUE: The chance of HIV transmission from mother to baby when undergoing
antiretroviral therapy is reduced from 25% to 2%
, The ________ reflex is when an infant grasps a finger pressed against his palm;
the ________ reflex is when an infant extends her big toe and spreads his pinky
toe when the bottom of his foot is stroked; the ________ reflex is when an infant
arches her back, extends her legs, and projects her arms outward when her
head is slightly dropped or she hears a loud sound; the ________ reflex is when
an infant makes stepping motions when he his held upright and his feet touch
the ground. Right Ans - Palmar grasp; babinski; moro (or startle); stepping
These are the 6 family risk factors, according to Rutter, that place infants and
young children at risk of child psychopathology; research indicates that
children with 1 or no risk have a 2% chance of psychopathology, while 4 or
more risks led to a 21% chance. Right Ans - Low SES, large family size
(overcrowding), severe marital discord, parental criminality, maternal
psychopathology, and placement of the child outside of the home
According to Bronfenbrenner, the ________ is the child's immediate setting and
includes family, school, and daycare; the ________ comprises connections
between immediate environments (e.g., a child's home and school); the ________
is the child's external environment that has only an indirect influence on
development, such as a parent's workplace; the ________ refers to the larger
cultural and subcultural context in which the other systems are embedded
(e.g., national economy, politics). Right Ans - Microsystem; mesosystem;
exosystem; macrosystem
TRUE or FALSE: At birth, infants show no clear preference for taste. Right
Ans - FALSE: They are capable of experiencing all 4 tastes, though show a clear
preference for sweets
What is the least developed part of an infant's brain at birth? Right Ans -
The cortex
According to Piaget, ________ occurs as a child interacts with the environment
and subsequently develops organized ways of thinking about the world
(cognitive schemas); it consists of ________, which is when a child perceives and
interprets new information in terms of existing schemas, and ________, which is
when existing schemas must be modified to provide consistency with external
reality. Right Ans - Adaptation; assimilation; accommodation
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