PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE BURNS STUDY PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Two essential fatty acids are? - ✔✔Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (LA and ALA)
✔✔fat soluble vitamins - ✔✔DAKE, absorbed in intestines, require bile, store for a long
time in tissue
✔✔Water soluble vits - ✔✔Cs and Bs, only store small amts, if intake too high
absorption decreases, require daily intake
✔✔How much vit d should a breastfed babe have? - ✔✔400 IU daily
✔✔When should fluoride be given to a babe? - ✔✔at 6 months if not in water
✔✔What is an important consideration when adding food to a breastfed babe's diet? -
✔✔iron-fortified
✔✔What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - ✔✔avoid
✔✔Nutritional risk with teen pregnancies? - ✔✔adolescent growth spurt competes with
fetus for nutrients
✔✔Teen pregnancy risks? - ✔✔prematurity, LBW, chronic illness/disability, death
✔✔How much exercise should a child have? - ✔✔60 minutes mod/high per day
✔✔Benefits of vegetarianism - ✔✔lower obesity, heart disease, and DM rates
✔✔What can be deficient in a vegan diet? What 2 are the highest? - ✔✔protein, B12,
iron, Ca++, zinc, riboflavin, vit D; B12, zinc
✔✔What can become of fetus with B12 and zinc deficiency? - ✔✔possible permanent
neuro damage
✔✔What measurements can be taken, other than ht and wt, to assess wt in children? -
✔✔Triceps skinfold measurement; mid-upper arm circumference
✔✔triceps skinfold measurement - ✔✔
✔✔mid-upper arm circumference - ✔✔
✔✔What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - ✔✔85-95th
,✔✔What BMI percentile is considered obese? - ✔✔95th or higher
✔✔Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - ✔✔normalize, not reduce
✔✔Complications of obesity in children? - ✔✔Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea ,
OSA, orthopedic issues, depression, suicide
✔✔How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - ✔✔3 days
✔✔Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex
games, or idea about sex - parents should be? - ✔✔parents should avoid being overly
alarmed if they witness this play.
*parents can redirect play*
✔✔At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? -
✔✔Age 8
✔✔At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual
fantasies, behavior and relationships? - ✔✔10-12 year olds
✔✔The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due
to? - ✔✔Confidentiality
✔✔How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual
history? - ✔✔"Have you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl"
"Define Sex"
✔✔Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the
abstract thought of "what if". How should sexual education be given to them? - ✔✔Use
pictures and direct questions and statements
Use simple concert terms when counseling
✔✔Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will
often refresh to concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak
to them? - ✔✔They need to adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly, help
them to identify the inconsistencies in their thought processes and guide them through
to the logical consequences.
✔✔how often should a helmet be replaced? - ✔✔every 5 years or sooner
✔✔For athletes, which carbohydrates are preferred? - ✔✔*complex carbs* - fruits, nuts,
cereals, grains, pasta, dried beans.
,Refrain from *Simple carbs* - sugars
✔✔Why are complex carbs better than simple carbs? - ✔✔complex carbs do *not*
cause the rapid rise in blood glucose levels with resultant insulin rebound like simple
carbs do.
✔✔What happens if too much protein is consumed? - ✔✔Leads to an
*underconsumption* of adequate carbohydrates and fats, causing the excess protein to
be stored as fat.
✔✔For Preparticipation physical examination (PPE), what should the provider do if the
parent disagrees with the providers advise to refrain from participation? - ✔✔obtain a
Signed Informed consent from the pt's guardian.
✔✔Which cardiac conditions may warrant an athlete to seek a cardiologist before
performing in Physical activity/sports? - ✔✔Pathologic murmur, EKG dysrhythmias,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Coronary artery abnormalities, carditis, marfans, ehlers-
danlos, mitral valve prolapse.
✔✔How should diabetics monitor their glucose with physical activity? - ✔✔before,
q30min during, and 15 min after exercise & Before bedtime
✔✔What should the Physical exam include? - ✔✔The musculoskeletal Examination
General Head to toe (generalized focus on Cardiac and Neuro)
✔✔What is the 90-second musculoskeletal exam? - ✔✔+Standing Posture & shoulder -
acromioclavicular alignment
+ Cervical ROM
+ Shoulder Shrug/strength
+ Elbow ROM/strength
+ supination/pronation ROM & Hand clench test
+ Stand & bend at knee to chest
+ Squat test
+ Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
+ Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry
✔✔What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) -
✔✔Auscultate for heart murmur (sitting/lying/standing)
Femoral Pulses
Marfan's Sx's
Bilateral blood pressure
✔✔How is Exercise induced Asthma typically manifested? - ✔✔occurs during or
minutes after vigorous activity, Reaches peak 5-10min after activity
, ✔✔How is Exercise Induced Asthma managed? - ✔✔perform warm-up drills and cool
downs
+ short acting beta-2 agonists 15 to 30 min before sports activity (*Duration lasts up to 6
hours*)
✔✔Why would a squat to stand Cardiac auscultation show a murmur? - ✔✔Increases
venous return to the heart, thus increasing left ventricular size and stroke volume.
✔✔What would be indicated if patient has Softer murmur with squatting and *Louder
with Standing and Valsalva Maneuver*? - ✔✔Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or mitral
valve prolapse must be ruled out
✔✔What occurs with people WITHOUT diabetes when they exercise? - ✔✔exercise
leads to decreased plasma insulin levels and increased glucagon that triggers hepatic
glucose production.
✔✔What happens with Type 1 diabetics when they exercise? Pathophys? - ✔✔diabetic
individuals who have too little insulin in their system exercise can trigger release of high
levels of glucose and Keytone bodies, leading to hyperglycemia and eventually DKA
✔✔What is the most concerning clinical issue with infectious mononucleosis? -
✔✔Splenomegaly
✔✔How long should nothing stay out for sports if they are diagnosed with infectious
mononucleosis? - ✔✔Three weeks
✔✔About 15% of children with down syndrome can have what? - ✔✔Atlantoaxial or
anlanto-occipital instability
*anomaly of the Cervical vertebrae at the space between C-1 and C-2
✔✔How are asymptomatic cases of Atlantoaxial Instability screen? - ✔✔by obtaining
lateral radiographic views of the C-spine
✔✔What does the female athlete triad consist of? - ✔✔1. Disordered eating patterns
2. Menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea)
3. Osteopenia or osteoporosis
✔✔Why is co-sleeping discouraged? - ✔✔Risk of SIDS
✔✔What is the best sleeping position for infants? - ✔✔Supine
✔✔At 6 months, infants are able to go how long with out eating over the night? - ✔✔6 to
12 hours
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Two essential fatty acids are? - ✔✔Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (LA and ALA)
✔✔fat soluble vitamins - ✔✔DAKE, absorbed in intestines, require bile, store for a long
time in tissue
✔✔Water soluble vits - ✔✔Cs and Bs, only store small amts, if intake too high
absorption decreases, require daily intake
✔✔How much vit d should a breastfed babe have? - ✔✔400 IU daily
✔✔When should fluoride be given to a babe? - ✔✔at 6 months if not in water
✔✔What is an important consideration when adding food to a breastfed babe's diet? -
✔✔iron-fortified
✔✔What is advice regarding comfort feeding? - ✔✔avoid
✔✔Nutritional risk with teen pregnancies? - ✔✔adolescent growth spurt competes with
fetus for nutrients
✔✔Teen pregnancy risks? - ✔✔prematurity, LBW, chronic illness/disability, death
✔✔How much exercise should a child have? - ✔✔60 minutes mod/high per day
✔✔Benefits of vegetarianism - ✔✔lower obesity, heart disease, and DM rates
✔✔What can be deficient in a vegan diet? What 2 are the highest? - ✔✔protein, B12,
iron, Ca++, zinc, riboflavin, vit D; B12, zinc
✔✔What can become of fetus with B12 and zinc deficiency? - ✔✔possible permanent
neuro damage
✔✔What measurements can be taken, other than ht and wt, to assess wt in children? -
✔✔Triceps skinfold measurement; mid-upper arm circumference
✔✔triceps skinfold measurement - ✔✔
✔✔mid-upper arm circumference - ✔✔
✔✔What BMI percentile is considered overweight? - ✔✔85-95th
,✔✔What BMI percentile is considered obese? - ✔✔95th or higher
✔✔Primary goal of pediatric wt management? - ✔✔normalize, not reduce
✔✔Complications of obesity in children? - ✔✔Hypertension obstructive sleep apnea ,
OSA, orthopedic issues, depression, suicide
✔✔How long should a food recall or diary be kept for assessment? - ✔✔3 days
✔✔Children aged 5 to 9 who have contact with same or opposite sexes, play sex
games, or idea about sex - parents should be? - ✔✔parents should avoid being overly
alarmed if they witness this play.
*parents can redirect play*
✔✔At around what AGE do children giggle and learn more about SEX and sexuality? -
✔✔Age 8
✔✔At what age does self-stimulation as a result of sexual reflexes due to sexual
fantasies, behavior and relationships? - ✔✔10-12 year olds
✔✔The biggest reason adolescents do not seek healthcare for sexual education is due
to? - ✔✔Confidentiality
✔✔How should you ask an adolescent with concrete cognitive abilities about sexual
history? - ✔✔"Have you ever had a romantic relationship with a boy or a girl"
"Define Sex"
✔✔Early Adolescents (age 12 to 14) are concrete thinkers and cannot get to the
abstract thought of "what if". How should sexual education be given to them? - ✔✔Use
pictures and direct questions and statements
Use simple concert terms when counseling
✔✔Mid-adolescents (age 15 to 17) are starting to understand abstract concepts, but will
often refresh to concrete thinking in stressful situations. How should the provider speak
to them? - ✔✔They need to adjust the approach to mid-adolescents accordingly, help
them to identify the inconsistencies in their thought processes and guide them through
to the logical consequences.
✔✔how often should a helmet be replaced? - ✔✔every 5 years or sooner
✔✔For athletes, which carbohydrates are preferred? - ✔✔*complex carbs* - fruits, nuts,
cereals, grains, pasta, dried beans.
,Refrain from *Simple carbs* - sugars
✔✔Why are complex carbs better than simple carbs? - ✔✔complex carbs do *not*
cause the rapid rise in blood glucose levels with resultant insulin rebound like simple
carbs do.
✔✔What happens if too much protein is consumed? - ✔✔Leads to an
*underconsumption* of adequate carbohydrates and fats, causing the excess protein to
be stored as fat.
✔✔For Preparticipation physical examination (PPE), what should the provider do if the
parent disagrees with the providers advise to refrain from participation? - ✔✔obtain a
Signed Informed consent from the pt's guardian.
✔✔Which cardiac conditions may warrant an athlete to seek a cardiologist before
performing in Physical activity/sports? - ✔✔Pathologic murmur, EKG dysrhythmias,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Coronary artery abnormalities, carditis, marfans, ehlers-
danlos, mitral valve prolapse.
✔✔How should diabetics monitor their glucose with physical activity? - ✔✔before,
q30min during, and 15 min after exercise & Before bedtime
✔✔What should the Physical exam include? - ✔✔The musculoskeletal Examination
General Head to toe (generalized focus on Cardiac and Neuro)
✔✔What is the 90-second musculoskeletal exam? - ✔✔+Standing Posture & shoulder -
acromioclavicular alignment
+ Cervical ROM
+ Shoulder Shrug/strength
+ Elbow ROM/strength
+ supination/pronation ROM & Hand clench test
+ Stand & bend at knee to chest
+ Squat test
+ Lumbar ROM/Scoliosis
+ Tip/Toe Calf Symmetry
✔✔What cardiovascular examinations should be done for sports physical? (4) -
✔✔Auscultate for heart murmur (sitting/lying/standing)
Femoral Pulses
Marfan's Sx's
Bilateral blood pressure
✔✔How is Exercise induced Asthma typically manifested? - ✔✔occurs during or
minutes after vigorous activity, Reaches peak 5-10min after activity
, ✔✔How is Exercise Induced Asthma managed? - ✔✔perform warm-up drills and cool
downs
+ short acting beta-2 agonists 15 to 30 min before sports activity (*Duration lasts up to 6
hours*)
✔✔Why would a squat to stand Cardiac auscultation show a murmur? - ✔✔Increases
venous return to the heart, thus increasing left ventricular size and stroke volume.
✔✔What would be indicated if patient has Softer murmur with squatting and *Louder
with Standing and Valsalva Maneuver*? - ✔✔Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or mitral
valve prolapse must be ruled out
✔✔What occurs with people WITHOUT diabetes when they exercise? - ✔✔exercise
leads to decreased plasma insulin levels and increased glucagon that triggers hepatic
glucose production.
✔✔What happens with Type 1 diabetics when they exercise? Pathophys? - ✔✔diabetic
individuals who have too little insulin in their system exercise can trigger release of high
levels of glucose and Keytone bodies, leading to hyperglycemia and eventually DKA
✔✔What is the most concerning clinical issue with infectious mononucleosis? -
✔✔Splenomegaly
✔✔How long should nothing stay out for sports if they are diagnosed with infectious
mononucleosis? - ✔✔Three weeks
✔✔About 15% of children with down syndrome can have what? - ✔✔Atlantoaxial or
anlanto-occipital instability
*anomaly of the Cervical vertebrae at the space between C-1 and C-2
✔✔How are asymptomatic cases of Atlantoaxial Instability screen? - ✔✔by obtaining
lateral radiographic views of the C-spine
✔✔What does the female athlete triad consist of? - ✔✔1. Disordered eating patterns
2. Menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea)
3. Osteopenia or osteoporosis
✔✔Why is co-sleeping discouraged? - ✔✔Risk of SIDS
✔✔What is the best sleeping position for infants? - ✔✔Supine
✔✔At 6 months, infants are able to go how long with out eating over the night? - ✔✔6 to
12 hours
