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MCB 4403 Exam 1 questions and answers 100% correct
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MCB 4403 Exam 1 questions and answers 100% correct
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MCB 4403 Exam 1 questions andanswers 100% correct
chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔The serial passage of a pathogenic
organism from an infected individual to an uninfected individual, thus transmitting
disease.
Bacteria - correct answer ✔✔One of the three domains of life, consisting of
organisms with a last common ancestor not shared with members of Archaea or
Eukarya. Organisms are prokaryotic (lacking nuclei, unlike eukaryotes) and possess
ester-linked phospholipid membranes (unlike archaea).
metagenome - correct answer ✔✔The sum of genomes of all members of a
community of organisms.
ultracentrifuge - correct answer ✔✔A machine that subjects samples to high
centrifugal forces and can be used to separate subcellular components.
antiseptic - correct answer ✔✔Describing a chemical that kills microbes. Also, the
chemical itself.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - correct answer ✔✔A method to amplify DNA in
vitro using many cycles of DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and DNA
polymerization with a heat-stable polymerase.
,immune system - correct answer ✔✔An organism's cellular defense system
against pathogens.
transformation - correct answer ✔✔The internalization of free DNA from the
environment into bacterial cells.
antibiotic - correct answer ✔✔A molecule that can kill or inhibit the growth of
selected microorganisms.
photosynthesis - correct answer ✔✔The metabolic ability to absorb and convert
solar energy into chemical energy for biosynthesis. Autotrophic photosynthesis, or
photoautotrophy, includes CO2 fixation.
microbiota (microbiome) - correct answer ✔✔The total community of microbes
associated with an organism (such as the human body) or with a defined habitat
(such as soil or plants).
microbe - correct answer ✔✔An organism or virus too small to be seen with the
unaided human eye.
Archaea - correct answer ✔✔One of the three domains of life, consisting of
organisms with a last common ancestor not shared with members of Bacteria or
Eukarya. Organisms are prokaryotic (lacking nuclei, unlike eukaryotes) and possess
ether-linked phospholipid membranes (unlike bacteria).
,electron microscope - correct answer ✔✔A microscope that obtains high
resolution and magnification by using magnetic lenses to focus electron beams on
samples.
chemiosmotic theory - correct answer ✔✔A theory stating that the products of
oxidative metabolism store their energy in an electrochemical gradient that can
drive cellular processes such as ATP synthesis.
pure culture - correct answer ✔✔A culture containing only a single strain or
species of microorganism. A large number of microorganisms that all descended
from a single individual cell.
nitrogen fixation - correct answer ✔✔The ability of some prokaryotes to reduce
inorganic diatomic nitrogen gas (N2) to two ammonium ions (2NH4+).
endosymbiosis - correct answer ✔✔An intimate association between different
species in which one partner population grows within the body of another
organism.
spontaneous generation - correct answer ✔✔The theory, much debated in the
eighteenth century, that under current Earth conditions life can arise
spontaneously from nonliving matter.
prokaryote - correct answer ✔✔An organism whose cell or cells lack a nucleus.
Both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.
polyphyletic - correct answer ✔✔Having multiple evolutionary origins.
, Winogradsky column - correct answer ✔✔A glass tube containing a stratified
environment that causes specific microbes to grow at particular levels; a type of
enrichment culture for the growth of microbes from wetland environments.
aseptic - correct answer ✔✔Free of microbes.
endosymbiont - correct answer ✔✔An organism that lives as a symbiont inside
another organism.
Koch's postulates - correct answer ✔✔Four criteria, developed by Robert Koch,
that should be met for a microbe to be designated the causative agent of an
infectious disease.
1. Microbe always present in diseased - absent in healthy
2. Microbe is grown in pure culture
3. Introduce pure microbe into healthy individual -- Individual becomes sick (same
disease) - 4. Same microbe re-isolated from now-sick individual
germ theory of disease - correct answer ✔✔The theory that many diseases are
caused by microbes.
enrichment culture - correct answer ✔✔The use of selective growth media to
allow only certain microbes to grow.
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