BIOD 152 FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what are neurotransmitters? - ✔✔chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon
terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals
✔✔how do neurotransmitters carry nerve impulses? - ✔✔from one neuron to another
✔✔what is a synapse? - ✔✔gap between two neurons
✔✔do neurons physically touch one another? - ✔✔no
✔✔what is a presynaptic neuron? - ✔✔neuron before the synapse
✔✔what is a postsynaptic neuron? - ✔✔neuron after the synapse
✔✔what are unipolar neurons? - ✔✔one extension off the cell body that branches into
two: one central process running to the CNS and another peripheral process running to
the sensory receptor
✔✔example of unipolar neurons? - ✔✔sensory neurons in the PNS
✔✔what are bipolar neurons? - ✔✔central cell body with two extensions; one axon and
one dendrite
✔✔example of bipolar neurons? - ✔✔special receptor cells in the visual and olfactory
systems
✔✔what are multipolar neurons? - ✔✔three or more extensions from the cell body; one
axon and many dendrites
✔✔example of multipolar neurons? - ✔✔motor neurons
✔✔what are sensory neurons (afferent)? - ✔✔unipolar neurons that function to carry
information from the peripheral to the central nervous system
✔✔example of sensory neurons? - ✔✔impulses carried from the skin or internal organs
to the CNS
✔✔what are interneurons (association neurons)? - ✔✔multipolar neurons that transmit
impulses within different parts of the central nervous system
✔✔what are motor neurons (efferent)? - ✔✔multipolar neurons, which send messages
from the central nervous system to the peripheral
, ✔✔what do nerves consist of? - ✔✔hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together
in a connective tissue
✔✔what are neuroglial cell and why are they important? - ✔✔support cells for neurons
and highly important for neuron function
✔✔what are the two neuroglial cells in the PNS? - ✔✔schwann cells and satellite cells
✔✔what are schwann cells and what do they do? - ✔✔produce myelin sheath covering
for axon and increase the speed of nerve impulses
✔✔what are the nodes of ranvier? - ✔✔gaps in the myelin sheath
✔✔what is saltatory conduction? - ✔✔nerve impulses jumping between nodes;
increases the nerve impulse transmission
✔✔what do satellite cells do? - ✔✔surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons,
helping to regulate the cell body environment
✔✔satellite cells - ✔✔
✔✔although neurons cannot regenerate, what in the PNS can regrow with the help of
schwann cells? - ✔✔axons
✔✔what is axonal regeneration? - ✔✔process of peripheral nerves regenerating the
axon length
✔✔schwann cells - ✔✔
✔✔what are the neuroglial cells of the CNS? - ✔✔ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes,
astrocytes, and microglial cells
✔✔what do ependymal cells do? - ✔✔circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluid
exchange between brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid
✔✔what is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? - ✔✔clear fluid that only circulates in the brain
and spinal cord
✔✔what do oligodendrocytes do? - ✔✔act as the insulation for central nervous system
axons
✔✔what do astrocytes do? - ✔✔control the chemical environment of neurons by
wrapping around the blood capillaries
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔what are neurotransmitters? - ✔✔chemicals stored inside secretory vesicles (axon
terminal vesicles) at the end of the axon terminals
✔✔how do neurotransmitters carry nerve impulses? - ✔✔from one neuron to another
✔✔what is a synapse? - ✔✔gap between two neurons
✔✔do neurons physically touch one another? - ✔✔no
✔✔what is a presynaptic neuron? - ✔✔neuron before the synapse
✔✔what is a postsynaptic neuron? - ✔✔neuron after the synapse
✔✔what are unipolar neurons? - ✔✔one extension off the cell body that branches into
two: one central process running to the CNS and another peripheral process running to
the sensory receptor
✔✔example of unipolar neurons? - ✔✔sensory neurons in the PNS
✔✔what are bipolar neurons? - ✔✔central cell body with two extensions; one axon and
one dendrite
✔✔example of bipolar neurons? - ✔✔special receptor cells in the visual and olfactory
systems
✔✔what are multipolar neurons? - ✔✔three or more extensions from the cell body; one
axon and many dendrites
✔✔example of multipolar neurons? - ✔✔motor neurons
✔✔what are sensory neurons (afferent)? - ✔✔unipolar neurons that function to carry
information from the peripheral to the central nervous system
✔✔example of sensory neurons? - ✔✔impulses carried from the skin or internal organs
to the CNS
✔✔what are interneurons (association neurons)? - ✔✔multipolar neurons that transmit
impulses within different parts of the central nervous system
✔✔what are motor neurons (efferent)? - ✔✔multipolar neurons, which send messages
from the central nervous system to the peripheral
, ✔✔what do nerves consist of? - ✔✔hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together
in a connective tissue
✔✔what are neuroglial cell and why are they important? - ✔✔support cells for neurons
and highly important for neuron function
✔✔what are the two neuroglial cells in the PNS? - ✔✔schwann cells and satellite cells
✔✔what are schwann cells and what do they do? - ✔✔produce myelin sheath covering
for axon and increase the speed of nerve impulses
✔✔what are the nodes of ranvier? - ✔✔gaps in the myelin sheath
✔✔what is saltatory conduction? - ✔✔nerve impulses jumping between nodes;
increases the nerve impulse transmission
✔✔what do satellite cells do? - ✔✔surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons,
helping to regulate the cell body environment
✔✔satellite cells - ✔✔
✔✔although neurons cannot regenerate, what in the PNS can regrow with the help of
schwann cells? - ✔✔axons
✔✔what is axonal regeneration? - ✔✔process of peripheral nerves regenerating the
axon length
✔✔schwann cells - ✔✔
✔✔what are the neuroglial cells of the CNS? - ✔✔ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes,
astrocytes, and microglial cells
✔✔what do ependymal cells do? - ✔✔circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluid
exchange between brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid
✔✔what is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? - ✔✔clear fluid that only circulates in the brain
and spinal cord
✔✔what do oligodendrocytes do? - ✔✔act as the insulation for central nervous system
axons
✔✔what do astrocytes do? - ✔✔control the chemical environment of neurons by
wrapping around the blood capillaries
