,Table of Content
p p
Chapterp01:pCellularpBiology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapterp02:pGenespandpGeneticpDiseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapterp03:pEpigeneticspandpDisease ......................................................................................................................... 23
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapterp04:pAlteredpCellularpandpTissuepBiology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p6thpEdition ......................................................................... 39
Chapterp06:pInnatepImmunity:pInflammationpandpWoundpHealingpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapterp07:pAdaptivepImmunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Chapterp08:pInfectionpandpDefectspinpMechanismspofpDefensepHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapterp09:pStresspandpDisease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapterp10:pBiology,pClinicalpManifestations,pandpTreatmentpofpCancerpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathop
hysiology,p6thpEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapterp11:pCancerpEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapterp12:pCancerpinpChildren ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapterp13:pStructurepandpFunctionpofptheNeurologicpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapterp14:pPain,pTemperature,pSleep,pandpSensorypFunctionpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,
p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Chapterp15:pAlterationspinpCognitivepSystems,pCerebralpHemodynamics,pandpMotorpFunction .............................. 116
Chapterp16:pDisorderspofptheCentralpandpPeripheralpNervouspSystemspandptheNeuromuscularpJunction ................. 126
Chapterp17:pAlterationspofpNeurologicpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapterp18:pMechanismspofpHormonalpRegulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapterp19:pAlterationspofpHormonalpRegulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapterp20:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepHematologicpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiolo
gy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapterp21:pAlterationspofpHematologicpFunction ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapterp22:pAlterationspofpHematologicpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapterp23:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepCardiovascularpandpLymphaticpSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstand
ingpPathophysiology,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chapterp24:pAlterationspofpCardiovascularpFunction................................................................................................ 210
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapterp25:pAlterationspofpCardiovascularpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiolo
gy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 229
SpNpTppp O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapterp26:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepPulmonarypSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapterp27:pAlterationspofpPulmonarypFunction ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapterp28:pAlterationspofpPulmonarypFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapterp29:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepRenalpandpUrologicpSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathop
hysiology,p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapterp30:pAlterationspofpRenalpandpUrinarypTractpFunctionpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,
p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapterp31:pAlterationspofpRenalpandpUrinarypTractpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPatho
physiology,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapterp32:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepReproductivepSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chapterp33:pAlterationspofpthepFemalepReproductivepSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
Chapterp34:pAlterationspofpthepMalepReproductivepSystem ...................................................................................... 300
Chapterp35:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepDigestivepSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305
Chapterp36:pAlterationspofpDigestivepFunction......................................................................................................... 312
Chapterp37:pAlterationspofpDigestivepFunctionpinpChildren ...................................................................................... 325
Chapterp38:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepMusculoskeletalpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysi
ology,p6thpEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 334
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapterp39:pAlterationspofpMusculoskeletalpFunction.............................................................................................. 342
Chapterp40:pAlterationspofpMusculoskeletalpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapterp41:pStructure,pFunction,pandpDisorderspofpthepIntegumentpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysio
logy,p6thpEdition ...................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapterp42:pAlterationspofpthepIntegumentpinpChildren ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
p p p
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
p p p p p p
MULTIPLEpCHOICE
1. Apstudentpispobservingpapcellpunderpthepmicroscope.pItpispobservedptophavepsupercoiledpDNAp
withphistones.pWhichpofpthepfollowingpwouldpalsopbepobservedpbypthepstudent?
a. Apsinglepcircularpchromosome
b. Apnucleus
c. Free-floatingpnuclearpmaterial
d. Noporganelles
ANS:p B
Thepcellpdescribedpispapeukaryoticpcell,psopitphasphistonespandpapsupercoiledpDNApwithinpitspn
ucleus;pthus,pthepnucleuspshouldpbepobserved.pApsinglepcircularpchromosomepcalledpapprokar
yotepcontainspfree-floatingpnuclearpmaterialpbutphaspnoporganelles.
REF:pp.p2
2. Apnursepispinstructingpthepstaffpaboutpcellularpfunctions.pWhichpcellularpfunctionpispthepnursepd
escribingpwhenpanpisolatedpcellpabsorbspoxygenpandpusespitptoptransformpnutrientsptopenergy?
a. Metabolicpabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:pD
Thepcell’spabilityptopabsorbpoxygenpispreferredptopasprespirationpwhilepitspcommunicationpabilitypi
nvolvespmaintenancepofpapsteadypdynamicpstate,pmetabolicpabsorptionpprovidespnutrition,pandpse
cretionpallowspforpthepsynthesizingpofpnewpsubstances.
REF:pp.p2
3. ApeukaryoticpcellpispundergoingpDNApreplication.pInpwhichpregionpofpthepcellpwouldpmostpofpt
hepgeneticpinformationpbepcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuspCytoplasm
ANS:pC
Thepregionpofpthepcellpthatpcontainspgeneticpmaterial,pincludingpaplargepamountpofpribonucleicpa
cid,pmostpofpthepDNA,pandpDNA-
bindingpproteins,pispthepnucleolus,pwhichpisplocatedpwithinpthepcell’spnucleus.pMitochondriapisp
associatedpwithpcellularprespiration,pwhilepribosomesparepinvolvedpwithpproteinpmanufacturin
g.pCytoplasmpispapfluidpfillingpthatpispapcomponentpofpthepcell.
REF:pp.p2
p p
Chapterp01:pCellularpBiology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapterp02:pGenespandpGeneticpDiseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapterp03:pEpigeneticspandpDisease ......................................................................................................................... 23
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapterp04:pAlteredpCellularpandpTissuepBiology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p6thpEdition ......................................................................... 39
Chapterp06:pInnatepImmunity:pInflammationpandpWoundpHealingpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapterp07:pAdaptivepImmunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Chapterp08:pInfectionpandpDefectspinpMechanismspofpDefensepHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapterp09:pStresspandpDisease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapterp10:pBiology,pClinicalpManifestations,pandpTreatmentpofpCancerpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathop
hysiology,p6thpEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapterp11:pCancerpEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapterp12:pCancerpinpChildren ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapterp13:pStructurepandpFunctionpofptheNeurologicpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapterp14:pPain,pTemperature,pSleep,pandpSensorypFunctionpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,
p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Chapterp15:pAlterationspinpCognitivepSystems,pCerebralpHemodynamics,pandpMotorpFunction .............................. 116
Chapterp16:pDisorderspofptheCentralpandpPeripheralpNervouspSystemspandptheNeuromuscularpJunction ................. 126
Chapterp17:pAlterationspofpNeurologicpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapterp18:pMechanismspofpHormonalpRegulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapterp19:pAlterationspofpHormonalpRegulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapterp20:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepHematologicpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiolo
gy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapterp21:pAlterationspofpHematologicpFunction ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapterp22:pAlterationspofpHematologicpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapterp23:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepCardiovascularpandpLymphaticpSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstand
ingpPathophysiology,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chapterp24:pAlterationspofpCardiovascularpFunction................................................................................................ 210
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapterp25:pAlterationspofpCardiovascularpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiolo
gy,p6thpEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 229
SpNpTppp O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapterp26:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepPulmonarypSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology
,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapterp27:pAlterationspofpPulmonarypFunction ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapterp28:pAlterationspofpPulmonarypFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapterp29:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepRenalpandpUrologicpSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathop
hysiology,p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapterp30:pAlterationspofpRenalpandpUrinarypTractpFunctionpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,
p6thpEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapterp31:pAlterationspofpRenalpandpUrinarypTractpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPatho
physiology,p6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapterp32:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepReproductivepSystemspHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chapterp33:pAlterationspofpthepFemalepReproductivepSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
Chapterp34:pAlterationspofpthepMalepReproductivepSystem ...................................................................................... 300
Chapterp35:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepDigestivepSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiology,p
6thpEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305
Chapterp36:pAlterationspofpDigestivepFunction......................................................................................................... 312
Chapterp37:pAlterationspofpDigestivepFunctionpinpChildren ...................................................................................... 325
Chapterp38:pStructurepandpFunctionpofpthepMusculoskeletalpSystempHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysi
ology,p6thpEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 334
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapterp39:pAlterationspofpMusculoskeletalpFunction.............................................................................................. 342
Chapterp40:pAlterationspofpMusculoskeletalpFunctionpinpChildrenpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysiol
ogy,p6thpEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UpSNpT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapterp41:pStructure,pFunction,pandpDisorderspofpthepIntegumentpHuetherp&pMcCance:pUnderstandingpPathophysio
logy,p6thpEdition ...................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapterp42:pAlterationspofpthepIntegumentpinpChildren ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
p p p
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
p p p p p p
MULTIPLEpCHOICE
1. Apstudentpispobservingpapcellpunderpthepmicroscope.pItpispobservedptophavepsupercoiledpDNAp
withphistones.pWhichpofpthepfollowingpwouldpalsopbepobservedpbypthepstudent?
a. Apsinglepcircularpchromosome
b. Apnucleus
c. Free-floatingpnuclearpmaterial
d. Noporganelles
ANS:p B
Thepcellpdescribedpispapeukaryoticpcell,psopitphasphistonespandpapsupercoiledpDNApwithinpitspn
ucleus;pthus,pthepnucleuspshouldpbepobserved.pApsinglepcircularpchromosomepcalledpapprokar
yotepcontainspfree-floatingpnuclearpmaterialpbutphaspnoporganelles.
REF:pp.p2
2. Apnursepispinstructingpthepstaffpaboutpcellularpfunctions.pWhichpcellularpfunctionpispthepnursepd
escribingpwhenpanpisolatedpcellpabsorbspoxygenpandpusespitptoptransformpnutrientsptopenergy?
a. Metabolicpabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:pD
Thepcell’spabilityptopabsorbpoxygenpispreferredptopasprespirationpwhilepitspcommunicationpabilitypi
nvolvespmaintenancepofpapsteadypdynamicpstate,pmetabolicpabsorptionpprovidespnutrition,pandpse
cretionpallowspforpthepsynthesizingpofpnewpsubstances.
REF:pp.p2
3. ApeukaryoticpcellpispundergoingpDNApreplication.pInpwhichpregionpofpthepcellpwouldpmostpofpt
hepgeneticpinformationpbepcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuspCytoplasm
ANS:pC
Thepregionpofpthepcellpthatpcontainspgeneticpmaterial,pincludingpaplargepamountpofpribonucleicpa
cid,pmostpofpthepDNA,pandpDNA-
bindingpproteins,pispthepnucleolus,pwhichpisplocatedpwithinpthepcell’spnucleus.pMitochondriapisp
associatedpwithpcellularprespiration,pwhilepribosomesparepinvolvedpwithpproteinpmanufacturin
g.pCytoplasmpispapfluidpfillingpthatpispapcomponentpofpthepcell.
REF:pp.p2
