Frederick, James I’s Catholic Holy The couple were popular in At first, James tried to
son in law who was a Roman Emperor England, however foreign policy resolve troubles by arranging
protestant, ruled part of (Hapsburg) was was divisive issue. Puritans a marriage between Charles
the HRE- the furious at this grab for believed it was England’s job to and the Spanish princess-
Palatinate. He was power by a protestant. fight to defend protestants hoping this would persuade
offered Bohemia, and With the help of abroad. the Spanish to withdraw their
despite being warned Spain ruling family Anglicans believed England had support for Holy Roman
not to, he decided to (Hapsburgs), he no need to go to war. Other Emperor. Charles and
take it. attacked Frederick, thought they should be worried Buckingham travelled to
driving him and his about economy, not religion, and Spain to try and arrange the
family out of Bohemia that England should be focussing marriage- but it failed after
and the Palatinate by on their threat to trade from the Spanish said Charles would
1622. Dutch Empire. have to convert to
Catholicism.
James died in March England had no standing
Charles and Buckingham
1625, so Charles and army, so Charles and
became fiercely anti-
Buckingham were left Buckingham ordered a
Spanish; Buckingham
to deal with mercenary officer,
impeached pro-Spanish
Parliament and their Mansfield, to lead an army
Earl of Middlesex and war
anger over the failed to fight its way to the
was discussed. In 1624,
expedition which Palatinate. This expedition
James declared war on
Parliament money had was a disaster- most of the
Spain.
been used for. troops died from disease
or deserted before they got
near to the Palatinate.
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