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NRSG 421: Neuro || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE!!

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NRSG 421

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NRSG 421

What are the three components of the GCS? correct answers - Eye opening - Verbal response - Motor response When considering pupillary reaction, what are early and late signs of neurovascular decline? correct answers - Early: sluggish - Late: One blown pupil, both pupils are fixed and dilated ...

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what are the three components of the gcs

Institution NRSG 421
Course NRSG 421

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NRSG 421: Neuro || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE!!
What are the three components of the GCS? correct answers - Eye opening
- Verbal response
- Motor response

When considering pupillary reaction, what are early and late signs of neurovascular decline?
correct answers - Early: sluggish
- Late: One blown pupil, both pupils are fixed and dilated

What drug class might make a pts pupils very small? correct answers opioids

What drugs might increase a pts pupil size? correct answers - Atropine
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Alcohol

What does PERRLA stand for? correct answers pupils equal, round, reactive to light and
accommodation

What does AEIOUTIPS stand for? correct answers - A: alcohol, acidosis
- E: endocrine, epilepsy, electrolytes, encephalopathy
- I: insulin
- O: opioids, overdose
- U: uremia, underdose
- T: trauma
- I: infection
- P: psychosis, poisoning, pharmacology
- S: stroke, seizure, syncope

Alcohol decreases level of consciousness and therefore is considered a
____________________ correct answers depressant

Alcohol affects many areas of the brain, but what two areas are most commonly affected?
correct answers - Cerebral cortex
- Limbic system

What does alcohol do in the cerebral cortex? correct answers - Depresses behavioural
inhibitory centres (person becomes more talkative, more self-confident and less socially
inhibited)
- Slows down processing of senses (trouble hearing, seeing and tasting, threshold for pain is
raised)
- Inhibits thought processes (person does not use good judgement or thinks clearly)

What does alcohol do to the limbic system? correct answers - Limbic system controls
emotions and memory. Alcohol causes the person to experience exaggerated states of
emotion

, What is an anion gap? What does it mean when a patient has a high anion gap? correct
answers - The difference between the primary measured cations (Na & K) and the primary
measure anions (chloride & HCO3)
- High anion gap means there are extra anions (like lactate) with a secondary loss of HCO3
(buffer for acids) = so a larger gap between cations and anions. Suspected acidosis
- Normal anion gap is 8-16 mEq/L

KUSSMAUL is an acronym used to remember conditions that cause acidosis. What does
each letter represent? correct answers - K: Ketosis (DKA)
- U: Uremia
- SS: Salicylate poisoning
- M: Methanol poisoning (antifreeze)
- A: Another alcohol (ethylene glycol)
- U: Uremia (again)
- L: Lactic acidosis

What might cause epilepsy? correct answers - Genetic
- Head injury or neurological condition

What might cause seizures? correct answers - Low blood sugar
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Drug use/abuse
- Fever (children)
- Fatigue/stress

What is the difference between a simple seizure and a complex seizure? correct answers -
Simple: confined to one brain lobe, person aware but unable to control what is happening,
may have an aura prior to seizure, ictus phase may be short (difficult to identify seizure
activity)
- Complex: affects entire hemisphere, person does not remember event, may appear fully
awake but has a blank stare, may occur without warning, may have automatisms (involuntary
autonomic behaviours)

What is the immediate preferred pharmacologic treatment for seizures? correct answers
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam)

What are some nursing interventions for when a patient is having a seizure? correct answers -
Protect from harm (get harmful things away from pt, help them to the ground, turn pt on side)
- Don't force anything into mouth
- Time the seizure
- Be nice to them - may feel embarrassed afterwards

What are some treatments for epilepsy? (220) correct answers - Stress management
- Ketogenic diet
- Antiseizure drugs:
- Benzodiazepines (lorazepam)
- Hydantoins (phenytoin)
- Dibenzazepines (carbamazepine)
- Succinimides (Ethosuximide)
- Miscellaneous drugs (gabapentin, valproic acid)

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