,Table of Content
c c
Chapterc01:cCellularcBiology ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Chapterc02:cGenescandcGeneticcDiseases .................................................................................................................... 13
Chapterc03:cEpigeneticscandcDisease .......................................................................................................................... 23
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapterc04:cAlteredcCellularcandcTissuecBiology ....................................................................................................... 27
Huetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6thcEdition........................................................................... 39
Chapterc06:cInnatecImmunity:cInflammationcandcWoundcHealingcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapterc07:cAdaptivecImmunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapterc08:cInfectioncandcDefectscincMechanismscofcDefensecHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapterc09:cStresscandcDisease ................................................................................................................................... 76
Chapterc10:cBiology,cClinicalcManifestations,candcTreatmentcofcCancercHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathop
hysiology,c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapterc11:cCancercEpidemiology.............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapterc12:cCancercincChildren .................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapterc13:cStructurecandcFunctioncofctheNeurologiccSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................. 94
Chapterc14:cPain,cTemperature,cSleep,candcSensorycFunctioncHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................ 105
Chapterc15:cAlterationscincCognitivecSystems,cCerebralcHemodynamics,candcMotorcFunction ................................ 116
Chapterc16:cDisorderscofctheCentralcandcPeripheralcNervouscSystemscandctheNeuromuscularcJunction................... 126
Chapterc17:cAlterationscofcNeurologiccFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 138
Chapterc18:cMechanismscofcHormonalcRegulation ................................................................................................... 147
Chapterc19:cAlterationscofcHormonalcRegulation ..................................................................................................... 156
Chapterc20:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecHematologiccSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolog
y,c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................ 169
Chapterc21:cAlterationscofcHematologiccFunction .................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapterc22:cAlterationscofcHematologiccFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition............................................................................................................................................................... 192
Chapterc23:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecCardiovascularcandcLymphaticcSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandi
ngcPathophysiology,c6thcEdition............................................................................................................................... 200
Chapterc24:cAlterationscofcCardiovascularcFunction................................................................................................. 210
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapterc25:cAlterationscofcCardiovascularcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolo
gy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
ScNcTc c O ....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapterc26:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecPulmonarycSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapterc27:cAlterationscofcPulmonarycFunction ....................................................................................................... 245
, Chapterc28:cAlterationscofcPulmonarycFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 257
Chapterc29:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecRenalcandcUrologiccSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathoph
ysiology,c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 265
Chapterc30:cAlterationscofcRenalcandcUrinarycTractcFunctioncHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 273
Chapterc31:cAlterationscofcRenalcandcUrinarycTractcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPatho
physiology,c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapterc32:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecReproductivecSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolo
gy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapterc33:cAlterationscofcthecFemalecReproductivecSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 295
Chapterc34:cAlterationscofcthecMalecReproductivecSystem ....................................................................................... 300
Chapterc35:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecDigestivecSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 305
Chapterc36:cAlterationscofcDigestivecFunction.......................................................................................................... 312
Chapterc37:cAlterationscofcDigestivecFunctioncincChildren ....................................................................................... 325
Chapterc38:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecMusculoskeletalcSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysio
logy,c6thcEdition ....................................................................................................................................................... 334
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapterc39:cAlterationscofcMusculoskeletalcFunction............................................................................................... 342
Chapterc40:cAlterationscofcMusculoskeletalcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapterc41:cStructure,cFunction,candcDisorderscofcthecIntegumentcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition ........................................................................................................................................................ 357
Chapterc42:cAlterationscofcthecIntegumentcincChildren ............................................................................................. 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
c c c
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
c c c c c c
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
1. Acstudentciscobservingcaccellcundercthecmicroscope.cItciscobservedctochavecsupercoiledcDNAcw
ithchistones.cWhichcofcthecfollowingcwouldcalsocbecobservedcbycthecstudent?
a. Acsingleccircularcchromosome
b. Acnucleus
c. Free-floatingcnuclearcmaterial
d. Nocorganelles
ANS:c B
Theccellcdescribedciscaceukaryoticccell,csocitchaschistonescandcacsupercoiledcDNAcwithincitscnucle
us;cthus,cthecnucleuscshouldcbecobserved.cAcsingleccircularcchromosomeccalledcacprokaryoteccon
tainscfree-floatingcnuclearcmaterialcbutchascnocorganelles.
REF:cp.c2
2. Acnurseciscinstructingcthecstaffcaboutccellularcfunctions.cWhichccellularcfunctionciscthecnursecde
scribingcwhencancisolatedccellcabsorbscoxygencandcusescitctoctransformcnutrientsctocenergy?
a. Metaboliccabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:cD
Theccell’scabilityctocabsorbcoxygenciscreferredctocascrespirationcwhilecitsccommunicationcabilitycinvolv
escmaintenancecofcacsteadycdynamiccstate,cmetaboliccabsorptioncprovidescnutrition,candcsecretioncallo
wscforcthecsynthesizingcofcnewcsubstances.
REF:cp.c2
3. AceukaryoticccellciscundergoingcDNAcreplication.cIncwhichcregioncofctheccellcwouldcmostcofcth
ecgeneticcinformationcbeccontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuscCytoplasm
ANS:cC
Thecregioncofctheccellcthatccontainscgeneticcmaterial,cincludingcaclargecamountcofcribonucleiccaci
d,cmostcofcthecDNA,candcDNA-
bindingcproteins,ciscthecnucleolus,cwhichcisclocatedcwithinctheccell’scnucleus.cMitochondriaciscas
sociatedcwithccellularcrespiration,cwhilecribosomescarecinvolvedcwithcproteincmanufacturing.cCy
toplasmciscacfluidcfillingcthatciscaccomponentcofctheccell.
REF:cp.c2
c c
Chapterc01:cCellularcBiology ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Chapterc02:cGenescandcGeneticcDiseases .................................................................................................................... 13
Chapterc03:cEpigeneticscandcDisease .......................................................................................................................... 23
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapterc04:cAlteredcCellularcandcTissuecBiology ....................................................................................................... 27
Huetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6thcEdition........................................................................... 39
Chapterc06:cInnatecImmunity:cInflammationcandcWoundcHealingcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapterc07:cAdaptivecImmunity ................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapterc08:cInfectioncandcDefectscincMechanismscofcDefensecHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapterc09:cStresscandcDisease ................................................................................................................................... 76
Chapterc10:cBiology,cClinicalcManifestations,candcTreatmentcofcCancercHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathop
hysiology,c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapterc11:cCancercEpidemiology.............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapterc12:cCancercincChildren .................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapterc13:cStructurecandcFunctioncofctheNeurologiccSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................. 94
Chapterc14:cPain,cTemperature,cSleep,candcSensorycFunctioncHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................................ 105
Chapterc15:cAlterationscincCognitivecSystems,cCerebralcHemodynamics,candcMotorcFunction ................................ 116
Chapterc16:cDisorderscofctheCentralcandcPeripheralcNervouscSystemscandctheNeuromuscularcJunction................... 126
Chapterc17:cAlterationscofcNeurologiccFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 138
Chapterc18:cMechanismscofcHormonalcRegulation ................................................................................................... 147
Chapterc19:cAlterationscofcHormonalcRegulation ..................................................................................................... 156
Chapterc20:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecHematologiccSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolog
y,c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................ 169
Chapterc21:cAlterationscofcHematologiccFunction .................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapterc22:cAlterationscofcHematologiccFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition............................................................................................................................................................... 192
Chapterc23:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecCardiovascularcandcLymphaticcSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandi
ngcPathophysiology,c6thcEdition............................................................................................................................... 200
Chapterc24:cAlterationscofcCardiovascularcFunction................................................................................................. 210
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapterc25:cAlterationscofcCardiovascularcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolo
gy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 229
ScNcTc c O ....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapterc26:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecPulmonarycSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,
c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapterc27:cAlterationscofcPulmonarycFunction ....................................................................................................... 245
, Chapterc28:cAlterationscofcPulmonarycFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 257
Chapterc29:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecRenalcandcUrologiccSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathoph
ysiology,c6thcEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 265
Chapterc30:cAlterationscofcRenalcandcUrinarycTractcFunctioncHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c
6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 273
Chapterc31:cAlterationscofcRenalcandcUrinarycTractcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPatho
physiology,c6thcEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapterc32:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecReproductivecSystemscHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiolo
gy,c6thcEdition .......................................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapterc33:cAlterationscofcthecFemalecReproductivecSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 295
Chapterc34:cAlterationscofcthecMalecReproductivecSystem ....................................................................................... 300
Chapterc35:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecDigestivecSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiology,c6
thcEdition.................................................................................................................................................................. 305
Chapterc36:cAlterationscofcDigestivecFunction.......................................................................................................... 312
Chapterc37:cAlterationscofcDigestivecFunctioncincChildren ....................................................................................... 325
Chapterc38:cStructurecandcFunctioncofcthecMusculoskeletalcSystemcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysio
logy,c6thcEdition ....................................................................................................................................................... 334
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapterc39:cAlterationscofcMusculoskeletalcFunction............................................................................................... 342
Chapterc40:cAlterationscofcMusculoskeletalcFunctioncincChildrencHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition ........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UcSNcT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapterc41:cStructure,cFunction,candcDisorderscofcthecIntegumentcHuetherc&cMcCance:cUnderstandingcPathophysiol
ogy,c6thcEdition ........................................................................................................................................................ 357
Chapterc42:cAlterationscofcthecIntegumentcincChildren ............................................................................................. 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
c c c
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
c c c c c c
MULTIPLEcCHOICE
1. Acstudentciscobservingcaccellcundercthecmicroscope.cItciscobservedctochavecsupercoiledcDNAcw
ithchistones.cWhichcofcthecfollowingcwouldcalsocbecobservedcbycthecstudent?
a. Acsingleccircularcchromosome
b. Acnucleus
c. Free-floatingcnuclearcmaterial
d. Nocorganelles
ANS:c B
Theccellcdescribedciscaceukaryoticccell,csocitchaschistonescandcacsupercoiledcDNAcwithincitscnucle
us;cthus,cthecnucleuscshouldcbecobserved.cAcsingleccircularcchromosomeccalledcacprokaryoteccon
tainscfree-floatingcnuclearcmaterialcbutchascnocorganelles.
REF:cp.c2
2. Acnurseciscinstructingcthecstaffcaboutccellularcfunctions.cWhichccellularcfunctionciscthecnursecde
scribingcwhencancisolatedccellcabsorbscoxygencandcusescitctoctransformcnutrientsctocenergy?
a. Metaboliccabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:cD
Theccell’scabilityctocabsorbcoxygenciscreferredctocascrespirationcwhilecitsccommunicationcabilitycinvolv
escmaintenancecofcacsteadycdynamiccstate,cmetaboliccabsorptioncprovidescnutrition,candcsecretioncallo
wscforcthecsynthesizingcofcnewcsubstances.
REF:cp.c2
3. AceukaryoticccellciscundergoingcDNAcreplication.cIncwhichcregioncofctheccellcwouldcmostcofcth
ecgeneticcinformationcbeccontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuscCytoplasm
ANS:cC
Thecregioncofctheccellcthatccontainscgeneticcmaterial,cincludingcaclargecamountcofcribonucleiccaci
d,cmostcofcthecDNA,candcDNA-
bindingcproteins,ciscthecnucleolus,cwhichcisclocatedcwithinctheccell’scnucleus.cMitochondriaciscas
sociatedcwithccellularcrespiration,cwhilecribosomescarecinvolvedcwithcproteincmanufacturing.cCy
toplasmciscacfluidcfillingcthatciscaccomponentcofctheccell.
REF:cp.c2
