UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
UST ABSN Patho pharmacology 1 exam
How do you define the word drug? - A drug is any chemical that can affect living
processes
Define pharmacology - Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drugs and
their interaction with living things
Define clinical pharmacology - study of effect of drugs in man (as compared to
animals or comparative pharmacology
what are pharmacotherapeutics? - also known as therapeutics,
pharmacotherapeutics emphasizes the disease state and its characteristics including
therapy for and use of drugs in prevention and treatment of condition
what are chemotherapeutic agents? - Drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic
cells or organisms. The term is usually restricted to anti-infectives and cancer
chemotherapy.
what is toxicology and how do we measure a drugs toxicity? - Toxicology deals
with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured through the Therapeutic Index.
What is the therapeutic index? - therapeutic index is a ratio that measures toxicity.
The ratio is found by putting the dose *capable of killing 50% of animals (LD50)
over than required to acheive a beneficial effect in 50% of animals (ED50).
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
,UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
In clinical practice the THERAPEUTIC INDEX is described as the ratio of the
dose that causes toxicity over the dose that provides therapeutic effect.
what is tolerance? - Tolerance is the hyporeactivity that occurring from chronic
exposure to a drug. Achievement of the same effects of the drug requires larger and
larger doses.
What is cross tolerance and how does it occur? - Cross tolerance may happen when
tolerance occurs across drugs of the same class or across drugs that have the same
pharmacological effects
what are some examples of neurological adaptation/ cellular tolerance to drugs? -
Tolerance to opioids, barbiturates, and alcohol
What is metabolic drug tolerance? - metabolic drug tolerance occurs when the
body has an increased rate of elimination of the drug.
what is the most common form of metabolic tolerance? - enzyme induction which
occurs when there is an increased activity of enzymes (the drug transport system)
What is pharmacodynamics? - pharmacodynamic processes determine the nature
and intensity of the response. It is essentially the effect of the drug ON the body.
EX: Target Organ, receptors, proteins, physiological effect etc.
What is pharmacokinetics?
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
, UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes? - Pharmacokinetic processes
determine how much of an admin- istered dose gets to its sites of action. There are
four major pharmacokinetic processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution,
(3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. *These processes can be thought of as
the impact of the body on drugs*
what type of tolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the number, or decrease
in the sensitivity, of receptor sites? - Down regulation
what kind of drugs block receptors? - betablockers
The use of betablockers can also cause a change in the sensitivity of receptors.
What is this caused and how does it occur? - Betablockers block receptors resulting
in increased the sensitivity of receptors. This is known as Up Regulation
Define the term tachyphylaxis? - Tachyphylaxis is a tolerance that develops acutely
with only a few doses of a drug
what is idiosyncrasy? - Idiosyncrasy describes an unexpected, abnormal, or
peculiar reaction to a drug.
Is dosing a factor in patients that experience idiosyncrasy? - no, adverse effects can
occur regardless of the dosage level
what is a Side effect? synonyms for side effect that are commonly used in practice?
- side effect describes any action of the drug other than the intended therapeutic
effects.
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
UST ABSN Patho pharmacology 1 exam
How do you define the word drug? - A drug is any chemical that can affect living
processes
Define pharmacology - Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drugs and
their interaction with living things
Define clinical pharmacology - study of effect of drugs in man (as compared to
animals or comparative pharmacology
what are pharmacotherapeutics? - also known as therapeutics,
pharmacotherapeutics emphasizes the disease state and its characteristics including
therapy for and use of drugs in prevention and treatment of condition
what are chemotherapeutic agents? - Drugs used to destroy or eliminate pathogenic
cells or organisms. The term is usually restricted to anti-infectives and cancer
chemotherapy.
what is toxicology and how do we measure a drugs toxicity? - Toxicology deals
with the effects of drugs. Toxicity is measured through the Therapeutic Index.
What is the therapeutic index? - therapeutic index is a ratio that measures toxicity.
The ratio is found by putting the dose *capable of killing 50% of animals (LD50)
over than required to acheive a beneficial effect in 50% of animals (ED50).
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
,UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
In clinical practice the THERAPEUTIC INDEX is described as the ratio of the
dose that causes toxicity over the dose that provides therapeutic effect.
what is tolerance? - Tolerance is the hyporeactivity that occurring from chronic
exposure to a drug. Achievement of the same effects of the drug requires larger and
larger doses.
What is cross tolerance and how does it occur? - Cross tolerance may happen when
tolerance occurs across drugs of the same class or across drugs that have the same
pharmacological effects
what are some examples of neurological adaptation/ cellular tolerance to drugs? -
Tolerance to opioids, barbiturates, and alcohol
What is metabolic drug tolerance? - metabolic drug tolerance occurs when the
body has an increased rate of elimination of the drug.
what is the most common form of metabolic tolerance? - enzyme induction which
occurs when there is an increased activity of enzymes (the drug transport system)
What is pharmacodynamics? - pharmacodynamic processes determine the nature
and intensity of the response. It is essentially the effect of the drug ON the body.
EX: Target Organ, receptors, proteins, physiological effect etc.
What is pharmacokinetics?
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
, UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
what are the four major pharmacokinetic processes? - Pharmacokinetic processes
determine how much of an admin- istered dose gets to its sites of action. There are
four major pharmacokinetic processes: (1) drug absorption, (2) drug distribution,
(3) drug metabolism, and (4) drug excretion. *These processes can be thought of as
the impact of the body on drugs*
what type of tolerance occurs when there is a decrease in the number, or decrease
in the sensitivity, of receptor sites? - Down regulation
what kind of drugs block receptors? - betablockers
The use of betablockers can also cause a change in the sensitivity of receptors.
What is this caused and how does it occur? - Betablockers block receptors resulting
in increased the sensitivity of receptors. This is known as Up Regulation
Define the term tachyphylaxis? - Tachyphylaxis is a tolerance that develops acutely
with only a few doses of a drug
what is idiosyncrasy? - Idiosyncrasy describes an unexpected, abnormal, or
peculiar reaction to a drug.
Is dosing a factor in patients that experience idiosyncrasy? - no, adverse effects can
occur regardless of the dosage level
what is a Side effect? synonyms for side effect that are commonly used in practice?
- side effect describes any action of the drug other than the intended therapeutic
effects.
UST ABSN Pathopharmacology 1
