ABO NCLE TEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS A GRADE) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Reticle
consists of a series of numbered concentric circles and is used for measuring
the amount of prism as well as the direction of the base
Concave Lenses
Also known as diverging lenses, they are thinner at the center and thicker at
the edges and "minify" (corrects Myopia)
Convex Lenses
Also known as converging lenses, they are thicker at the center and thinner at
the edges and "magnify" (Corrects Hyperopia)
Cosmetic Styling
The process of selecting frames that are not only functional, but also
aesthetically pleasing and complementary to the wearer's personal style and
facial features
Cylindrical Lenses
Lenses that have different curves in different meridians and are used to
correct astigmatism
Magnifier
An optical device used to enlarge and enhance the visibility of an object
Mocnocle
A type of single corrective lens that is designed to correct vison in one eye
Ophthalmoscope
A medical device used to examine the interior of the eye
,Pantoscopic angle
A downward angle applied to eyeglasses so that the top of the lenses is farther
from the face than the bottom lens bottom rotated towards cheeks)
Visual Acuity
The ability to distinguish details and shapes of objects at varying distances.
Also a measure of spatial resolution
Spectacle 1263
Roger Bacon first mentions lenses as useful for those with weakness of sight
Spectacle 1286
Approximate date of invention of spectacles in Italy
Spectacle 1604
Johannes Kepler describes the function of the retina and demonstrates that
concave lenses correct myopia and convex lenses can correct hyperopia
Spectacle 1621
Willebrord Snell discovers law of refraction
Spectacle 1623
The use of Eyeglasses published in Spain by Daza de Valdes
Spectacle 1784
Benjamin Franklin invents split bifocal lens
Spectacle 1799
John McAllister Sr. opens first U.S. shop for optometric services in
Philidelphia
Spectacle 1801
Thomas Young discovers astigmatism and is the first to map the normal visual
field
Spectacle 1821
,Cylindrical lenses were developed
Spectacle 1851
Hermann Von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope and is first to see the
interior of the living eye
Spectacle 1862
Hermann Snellen devises test types and the eye chart used to measure visual
acuity
Spectacle 1922
American Academy of Optometry founded
Spectacle 1923
Pennsylvania College of Optometry awards the first doctor of Optometry
degree
EHR
Electronic Health Record
Ocularist
Specializes in the fabrication and fitting of ocular prostheses for individuals
who have lost eyes due to trauma or illness
Opthalmic assistant/technician
Assists the ophthalmologist with pre-testing and preparing exam rooms
Ophthalmic scribe
Work directly with the ophthalmologist in the exam room to record all exam
findings into the patient's Electronic Health Record
Ophthalmologist
Doctors of Medicine qualified to manage eye disease, perform eye surgeries,
provide general medical care, and perform vision services
Optical Lab Technician
, An optical lab technician is a skilled professional responsible for crafting and
quality- checking eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision impairments,
often offering guidance to patients and optical staff on lens options and
frames.
Optician
Responsible for interpreting prescriptions, fitting eyewear, troubleshooting,
among other tasks in the optical field
Optometric assistant/technician
Assists the optometrist with pre-testing and preparing exam rooms
Optometric scribe
Work directly with the optometrist in the exam room to record all exam
findings into the patient's Electronic Health Record
Optometrists
Doctors of Optometry focused on regular vision care including routine eye
health exams and vision tests, prescribing eyewear, and monitoring eye
conditions.
Orthoptist
Specializes in diagnosing and managing eye movement and coordination
problems
Receptionist
Is tasked with administrative duties including greeting patients, answering
phones, scheduling appointments, and filing charts
Adnexa
The accessory structures of the eye that help protect and support the eyeball
itself
Canthi:
The angles were the eyelids meet
ANSWERS A GRADE) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Reticle
consists of a series of numbered concentric circles and is used for measuring
the amount of prism as well as the direction of the base
Concave Lenses
Also known as diverging lenses, they are thinner at the center and thicker at
the edges and "minify" (corrects Myopia)
Convex Lenses
Also known as converging lenses, they are thicker at the center and thinner at
the edges and "magnify" (Corrects Hyperopia)
Cosmetic Styling
The process of selecting frames that are not only functional, but also
aesthetically pleasing and complementary to the wearer's personal style and
facial features
Cylindrical Lenses
Lenses that have different curves in different meridians and are used to
correct astigmatism
Magnifier
An optical device used to enlarge and enhance the visibility of an object
Mocnocle
A type of single corrective lens that is designed to correct vison in one eye
Ophthalmoscope
A medical device used to examine the interior of the eye
,Pantoscopic angle
A downward angle applied to eyeglasses so that the top of the lenses is farther
from the face than the bottom lens bottom rotated towards cheeks)
Visual Acuity
The ability to distinguish details and shapes of objects at varying distances.
Also a measure of spatial resolution
Spectacle 1263
Roger Bacon first mentions lenses as useful for those with weakness of sight
Spectacle 1286
Approximate date of invention of spectacles in Italy
Spectacle 1604
Johannes Kepler describes the function of the retina and demonstrates that
concave lenses correct myopia and convex lenses can correct hyperopia
Spectacle 1621
Willebrord Snell discovers law of refraction
Spectacle 1623
The use of Eyeglasses published in Spain by Daza de Valdes
Spectacle 1784
Benjamin Franklin invents split bifocal lens
Spectacle 1799
John McAllister Sr. opens first U.S. shop for optometric services in
Philidelphia
Spectacle 1801
Thomas Young discovers astigmatism and is the first to map the normal visual
field
Spectacle 1821
,Cylindrical lenses were developed
Spectacle 1851
Hermann Von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope and is first to see the
interior of the living eye
Spectacle 1862
Hermann Snellen devises test types and the eye chart used to measure visual
acuity
Spectacle 1922
American Academy of Optometry founded
Spectacle 1923
Pennsylvania College of Optometry awards the first doctor of Optometry
degree
EHR
Electronic Health Record
Ocularist
Specializes in the fabrication and fitting of ocular prostheses for individuals
who have lost eyes due to trauma or illness
Opthalmic assistant/technician
Assists the ophthalmologist with pre-testing and preparing exam rooms
Ophthalmic scribe
Work directly with the ophthalmologist in the exam room to record all exam
findings into the patient's Electronic Health Record
Ophthalmologist
Doctors of Medicine qualified to manage eye disease, perform eye surgeries,
provide general medical care, and perform vision services
Optical Lab Technician
, An optical lab technician is a skilled professional responsible for crafting and
quality- checking eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision impairments,
often offering guidance to patients and optical staff on lens options and
frames.
Optician
Responsible for interpreting prescriptions, fitting eyewear, troubleshooting,
among other tasks in the optical field
Optometric assistant/technician
Assists the optometrist with pre-testing and preparing exam rooms
Optometric scribe
Work directly with the optometrist in the exam room to record all exam
findings into the patient's Electronic Health Record
Optometrists
Doctors of Optometry focused on regular vision care including routine eye
health exams and vision tests, prescribing eyewear, and monitoring eye
conditions.
Orthoptist
Specializes in diagnosing and managing eye movement and coordination
problems
Receptionist
Is tasked with administrative duties including greeting patients, answering
phones, scheduling appointments, and filing charts
Adnexa
The accessory structures of the eye that help protect and support the eyeball
itself
Canthi:
The angles were the eyelids meet
