Exam (elaborations)
IMMUNOLOGY (TEST 1) Immune System Graded A
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IMMUNOLOGY (TEST 1) Immune System Graded A
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IMMUNOLOGY (TEST 1) Immune SystemGraded A
process of being protected against foreign antigens - ANSWER-immunity
aka immunoglobins, these are specific glycoproteins found in serum or plasma
produced by B-lymphs when body detects harmful substances called antigens -
ANSWER-antibodies
aka immunogens, these large molecules found on surface of cells, viruses, fungi,
bacteria, pollen, chemicals, foreign particles causing body to produce antibodies against
it; can be formed in the body with bacterial toxins or tissue cells - ANSWER-antigens
portions or fragments of an antigen that REACT with antibodies and lymph receptors -
ANSWER-epitope
very small molecules that can bind to a larger carrier molecule and behave as an
antigen - ANSWER-hapten
molecule that when coupled with a hapten, renders the hapten immunogenic -
ANSWER-carrier
main function is to recognize microbes as being either self or nonself - ANSWER-
immune system
defense, homeostasis, surveillance - ANSWER-3 functions of immune system
first line of defense, natural (innate) immunity, acquired (adaptive) immunity - ANSWER-
3 types of immune response
defense mechanism that body uses immediately after exposure to a microbe; it is non-
specific and nonadaptive - ANSWER-natural immunity
components include phagocytic cells along with mast cells, neutros and macrophages -
ANSWER-cellular component
components include complement proteins, lysozymes, interferons - ANSWER-humoral
components
proteins that produce inflammatory effects and destroy cells when activated - ANSWER-
complement proteins
, enzyme secreted by macrophages that attack cell walls of some bacteria - ANSWER-
lysozymes
proteins produced by many cells in response to viral infections to BLOCK replication of
virus in other cells - ANSWER-interferons
immunity that becomes operational when natural immunity is overwhelmed; it is antigen-
specific - ANSWER-adaptive immunity (acquired)
results in production of antibodies to combat non-self antigens - ANSWER-humoral
response
involves activation of specific lymphocytic cells to combat non-self antigens - ANSWER-
cell-mediated reponse
intitial response for removal of microbes; innate or immunity we are born with;
nonantigen specific; nonadaptive; includes mast cells, neutros, macrophages; humoral
components include complement proteins, lysozymes and interferons - ANSWER-
natural immunity
secondary defense mechanism; acquired thru life; antigen specific; adaptive; cellular
components include antigen presenting cells, macrophages, T-lymphs, B-lymphs;
humoral components include antibodies, cytokines - ANSWER-adaptive immunity
includes bone marrow where T-lymphs and B-lymphs are produced and the thymus
found near trachea where stem cells develop into T-cells - ANSWER-primary lymphoid
organs
include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), lymph nodes, and spleen -
ANSWER-secondary lymphoid organs and tissues
composed of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue and provide 1st line of defense
against orally ingested pathogens - ANSWER-MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissue)
bundles of tissue found throughout human body filled with lymphocyte cells that act as
filters by removing microorganisms from circulation; part of secondary organs -
ANSWER-lymph nodes
largest of the secondary organs that acts as a filter by trapping and removing foreign
materials out the the blood and removes old/damaged RBCs - ANSWER-spleen
soluble proteins secreted by cells and are chemical mediators that transmit messages
between cells to regulate growth and function - ANSWER-cytokines
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