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Immunology Quiz -1 with Accurate Solutions
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Immunology Quiz -1 with Accurate Solutions
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Immunology Quiz #1 with AccurateSolutions
Humoral Immunity - correct Answer-The immunity associated with the precipitation of
antigens by antibodies.
Antiserum - correct Answer-the antibody containing serum fraction from a pathogen-
exposed individual, derived from another animal, that is given to an individual suffering
from a disease.
Passive immunity - correct Answer-individual that receives antibodies that his or her
own immune system did not make. This is seen in newborn infants. That receive
passive immunity from maternal antibodies.
antigen - correct Answer-a piece of foreign material that determines the specificity of the
immune response.
clonal selection theory - correct Answer-An individual B or T lymphocyte expresses
many copies of a membrane receptor that is specific for a single distinct antigen. This
receptor is made prior to recognition of an antigen. If the antigen randomly binds to the
receptor made, the cell will rapidly proliferate into a clone of daughter cells that have the
same receptor specificity as the parent cell.
B cells - correct Answer-B cells produce antibodies, a soluble version of their receptor
protein, which bind to foreign objects.
T cells - correct Answer-T cells have use their surface bound T-cell receptors to sense
antigen.
cytotoxic T Lymphocytes - correct Answer-These cells are able to detect changes that
occur in a host cell after it becomes infected. Recognition mollecules posutioned inside
cells are key to the initial response. Intracellular receptors bind to viral proteins present
in the cytosol and initiate an early warning system, alerting the cell to the presence of an
invader.
T helper cell - correct Answer-These are the cells that are infected by HIV. These cells
guide the behavior of other immune cells including B calls are are therefore important
for selecting the pathway taken by the immune response. If these cells are sacrificed,
many cues needed for immune response are missing and fighting all types of infections
becomes problematic.
, PAMPs - correct Answer-Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, hat are common
foreign structures that characterize whole groups of pathogens. These unique structures
are what allows the immune system to recognizes foreign pathogens.
PRRs - correct Answer-Pattern recognition receptors are on the surface of white blood
cells which recognize PAMPs. When PRRs detect these chemical structures, a cascade
of events labels the target pathogen for destruction.
primary lymphoid organs - correct Answer-The thymus for T cells and bone marrow for
B cells.
tolerace - correct Answer-This is a mechanism for detecting activation of self. The
antigen receptors present on developing B and T cells must first pass a test of
nonresponsiveness against host structures. This process begins short after randomly
generate receptors are produced, is achieved by the destruction or inhibition of any cells
that have inadvertently generated receptors with the ability to harm the host.
cytokines - correct Answer-Soluble messengers, that are growth factor like proteins that
can bind with receptors found on responding cells and signal these cells to perform new
function, such as synthesis of our soluble factors or differentiation to a new cell type.
chemokines - correct Answer-Chemokines are a subset of cytokines because they have
chemotactic activity. They recruit specific cells to a site. They bring cells and activate
cells for eradication of the pathogen from within the infection site.
What are the four attributes of adaptive immunity? - correct Answer-Specificity,
diversity, memory, recognition of self vs nonself
Name three features of a secondary immune response that distinguish it from a primary
immune response. - correct Answer-faster, more effective, higher level of magnitude
since you have a large number of already educated antigen-specific cells (T and B
lymphocytes)
How are PRR different from B or T cell receptors - correct Answer-PRR are germ line.
They are broad receptors to recognize common PAMPs and they initiate the innate
immune response when a PRR binds to a PAM. B and T receptors expressed in
lymphocytes are are antibodies that are the result of genes that are produced by DNA
rearrangement and editting, so that the receptir locus in each B or T cell's genome has
a different sequence and encodes a different receptor.
Primary lymphoid organs - correct Answer-include the bone marrow and the thymus
regulate the development and maturation of immune cells from immature precursors.
T cell precursors come from the bone marrow but develop fully in the thymus. In
humans, B cells arise AND develop in the bone marriw.
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