Summary

Summary Chapter 4 - BSC 1010C

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Course
BSC 1010C

Institution
Valencia College

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Chapter 4 Vocabulary
• Organic Chemistry - The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).

• Stanley Miller Experiment and Results - demonstrated the ability to create
organic compounds like amino acids, the building blocks of life, from simple
inorganic molecules thought to be present in the early Earth's atmosphere by
simulating conditions like lightning strikes in a laboratory setting

• Organic Molecules - Molecules that are made of carbon and hydrogen, and can
include other elements.

• Valence of Carbon - The valence of carbon is 4. This means a carbon atom can
form four covalent bonds with other atoms because it has four valence electrons
in its outermost shell.

• Molecular Diversity of Carbon, Why? - Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly
with other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with atoms of
other elements. Carbon atoms make a large number of covalent bonds (four).

• Hydrocarbons - An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

• Hydrocarbons in Fats - Fatty acids, which are carboxylic acids with long
hydrocarbon chains.

• Isomers - One of two or more compounds that have the same numbers of
atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different
properties.

• Structural Isomers-Identify - One of two or more compounds that have the
same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.

• Cis-Trans Isomer-Identify - One of several compounds that have the same
molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial
arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; also called
a geometric isomer.

• Enantiomers-Identify - One of two compounds that are mirror images of each
other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon.

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