Class notes

Class notes BSC 1010C Chapter 5

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Course
BSC 1010C

Institution
Valencia College

My document contains class notes for BSC 1010C Chapter 5, covering key concepts related to biological macromolecules. It includes detailed explanations of the four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The notes describe their structure, function, and the chemical bonds...

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Uploaded on March 25, 2025
Number of pages 4
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Ravenscoft
Contains All classes

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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
● Macromolecules - A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules.
Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
● Polymers - A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers
linked together by covalent bonds.
● Monomers - The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
● Enzymes - A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that
increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most
enzymes are proteins.
● Dehydration Reaction - A chemical reaction in which two molecules become
covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
● Hydrolysis - A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by
the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers.

● Carbohydrates - A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides)
or polymers (polysaccharides).
● Monosaccharides - The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a
monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also called simple sugars,
monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple of
CH2O.
● Aldehyde sugars (aldoses) - a type of monosaccharide that have a carbonyl
group on the endmost carbon atom of their carbon backbone chain
● Ketone sugars (ketoses) - a monosaccharide containing one ketone (>C=O)
group per molecule
● Disaccharides - A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a
glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction.
● Glycosidic linkage - A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by
a dehydration reaction.
● Polysaccharides - A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration
reactions.
● Starch - A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose
monomers joined by glycosidic linkages.
● Cellulose - A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose
monomers joined by β glycosidic linkages.

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