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BIO 320 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers 2025
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When a microbial pathogen causes infection of a human host, what is its goal? -Correct Answer Survive and reproduce Which of the following is not a characteristic or component of the first line of defense? a. innate b. phagocytosis c. nonspecific d. barrier e. skin -Correct Answer Phagocy...

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  • March 25, 2025
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BIO 320



BIO 320 Exam 2 Study Guide Questions with
Correct Answers 2025
When a microbial pathogen causes infection of a human host, what is its goal? -Correct
Answer ✔Survive and reproduce

Which of the following is not a characteristic or component of the first line of defense?

a. innate
b. phagocytosis
c. nonspecific
d. barrier
e. skin -Correct Answer ✔Phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a characteristic or component of the second line of
defense?

a. circulation
b. nonspecific
c. inflammation
d. innate
e. memory -Correct Answer ✔memory

Which of the following is not a characteristic or component of the third line of defense?

a. systemic
b. nonspecific
c. antibodies
d. antigens
e. memory -Correct Answer ✔nonspecific

Skin is an effective barrier to infection because it physically prevents entry of pathogens
into soft tissues and circulation, thus limiting access to host resources. List different
ways that microbes can circumvent this first line of defense. -Correct Answer ✔wound,
inhalation, through one of natural holes in the skin (ears, eyes, nose, mouth, etc.)

Mucous membranes, like those in the respiratory tract, secrete a viscous fluid called
mucus that traps microbes that enter the natural openings of the body. How is mucus
flow in the lower respiratory tract maintained to help remove the trapped microbes from
the host? -Correct Answer ✔Beating of cilia

All the following are associated with the barrier function of the gastric mucosa except:

a. acid

BIO 320

, BIO 320


b. goblet cells
c. keratin
d. pepsin
e. simple columnar epithelium -Correct Answer ✔keratin

What does open-label study mean? -Correct Answer ✔The researchers and participants
know what the participants are receiving.

In the observational study, "Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism", what
two groups of individuals were likely compared to determine whether vaccination was
linked to the development of autism in children? -Correct Answer ✔Children who were
vaccinated vs. children who were not vaccinated

Why are scientists exploring gastrointestinal (GI) treatments (e.g., antibiotics, probiotics,
fecal microbiota transplant) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurological
condition? -Correct Answer ✔Most children with ASD also have GI issues, and severity
of symptoms are correlated.

In adult humans, hematopoiesis, which is the formation of blood cells from multipotent
stem cells, occurs in the: -Correct Answer ✔Red bone marrow

The ROS, or reactive ____ species, response is mediated by an enzyme called NADPH
oxidase -Correct Answer ✔oxygen

A patient with eosinophilia, an increased number of eosinophils in blood, likely has a: -
Correct Answer ✔parasitic worm infection

Which molecule is used by APCs to present antigens to T lymphocytes? -Correct
Answer ✔MHC

When stimulated by PAMPS, circulating basophils and tissue resident ____ cells
degranulate and release histamine, a cytokine that triggers vascular changes
associated with the inflammatory response. -Correct Answer ✔mast

Which of the following immune cells would be useful during exposure and infection by
SARS-CoV-2 virus? (select all correct answers)

a. mast cell
b. B cell
c. T cell
d. natural killer cell
e. neutrophil
f. eosinophil -Correct Answer ✔mast cell
b cell
t cell


BIO 320

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