mcdb 110 exam 1 with complete
solutions
biochemistry - Correct Answers -molecular logic of living organisms
unique features of life - Correct Answers --highly organized with intricate structures,
replicable
-highly complex (many distinct molecules; regulation)
-transforms energy to maintain high order (avoid reaching equilibrium,generate or
harvest energy)
-self-replicating with high fidelity
-set of chemical reactions organized in cells
phototrophs - Correct Answers -energy from the light(sun) --> chemical energy
chemotrophs - Correct Answers -energy from chemical fuel
ex) large macromolecule get broken apart and energy is released
Cells are.... - Correct Answers -fundamental units of life
cell size: lower limit - Correct Answers -accommodate sufficient molecules
cell size: upper limit - Correct Answers -diffusion of molecules such as O2
cell size: range - Correct Answers -300 nm to 20 cm
cell number - Correct Answers -unicellular to many in multicellular
How would you design an experiment to determine whether a newly discovered drug
that inhibits a particular enzyme is a competitive vs. non-competitive inhibitor? - Correct
Answers -You could determine the Vmax and Km for an enzyme both in the absence
and in the presence of the inhibitor, and see which value has changed and which is
constanT
cooperativity - Correct Answers -when an enzyme with multiple subunits can change its
ability to interact with substrate once it has interacted with substrate on one of its
subunits.
,Does cooperativity follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics? Why or why not? - Correct
Answers -It does not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics because the affinity of the
enzyme for the substrate (Km) changes.
What is an allosteric site? - Correct Answers -secondary site on an enzyme different to
the active site where regulators can bind.
What Michaelis-Menten parameters can binding at the allosteric site effect? - Correct
Answers -both Vmax and the Km
why is there an upper limit for cell size? - Correct Answers -if it is bigger, there will be a
lack of diffusion as cells get bigger, the SA:V ratio decreases so it makes it more difficult
for stuff to diffuse through
dimensions of life's components: 1A - Correct Answers -hydrogen atom, chemical bond
10^-10
dimensions of life's components: 1nm - Correct Answers -amino acid; glucose
10^-9
dimensions of life's components: 10nm - Correct Answers --globular protein (2-10nm)
-thickness of membrane (5-8nm)
10^-8
dimensions of life's components: 100nm - Correct Answers --ribosome (30nm)
-nuclear pore complex (150nm;pore 50)
10^-7
dimensions of life's components: 1um - Correct Answers -organelle; bacterium
10^-6
dimensions of life's components: 10um - Correct Answers -nucleated cell
10^-5
is a ribosome on the order of 10A across? - Correct Answers -no
prokaryotes: plasma membrane - Correct Answers -electron transport occurs there
which allows for atp production
prokaryotes: nucleoid region - Correct Answers -contains DNA, package DNA
prokaryotes: ribosomes - Correct Answers --mix of protein/RNA
-translation mRNA to protein
-float freely in cytoplasm
prokaryotes: cyotsol - Correct Answers --fluid in cytoplasm
, -such as ions, light proteins
-light weight stuff
prokaryotes: flagella - Correct Answers --Long protein motility structure that spin
prokaryotes: pili - Correct Answers -They help bacteria adhere to other cells/adhesion
prokaryotes: granules - Correct Answers -storage of lipids and carbs
prokaryotes: plasmids - Correct Answers -drug resistance
prokaryotes: convoluted inner membrane - Correct Answers -energy production
properties of plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells - Correct Answers --permeability
barrier
-selective transport of molecules in and out of cells
-maintain charge gradient
-cell shape and movement
-receptors for cell-cell communication
-location of membrane-associated enzyme reactions
eukaryotes: membrane-bounded organelles - Correct Answers --ER
-golgi apparatus
-vesicles
-mitochondria
-peroxisome
-lysosome
-chloroplasts
eukaryotes:cytoplasm - Correct Answers -1)cytosol
2)cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule)
3)organelles
eukaryotic nucleus (double membrane) - Correct Answers --has outer/inner membrane
-neoplasm
-chromatin which consists of histones
-nucleolus (assembly of ribosomes)
endomembrane system consists of - Correct Answers --endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-lysosome
-endosomes
-vacuoles
endomembrane system - Correct Answers -synthesis and localization of protein/lipids
solutions
biochemistry - Correct Answers -molecular logic of living organisms
unique features of life - Correct Answers --highly organized with intricate structures,
replicable
-highly complex (many distinct molecules; regulation)
-transforms energy to maintain high order (avoid reaching equilibrium,generate or
harvest energy)
-self-replicating with high fidelity
-set of chemical reactions organized in cells
phototrophs - Correct Answers -energy from the light(sun) --> chemical energy
chemotrophs - Correct Answers -energy from chemical fuel
ex) large macromolecule get broken apart and energy is released
Cells are.... - Correct Answers -fundamental units of life
cell size: lower limit - Correct Answers -accommodate sufficient molecules
cell size: upper limit - Correct Answers -diffusion of molecules such as O2
cell size: range - Correct Answers -300 nm to 20 cm
cell number - Correct Answers -unicellular to many in multicellular
How would you design an experiment to determine whether a newly discovered drug
that inhibits a particular enzyme is a competitive vs. non-competitive inhibitor? - Correct
Answers -You could determine the Vmax and Km for an enzyme both in the absence
and in the presence of the inhibitor, and see which value has changed and which is
constanT
cooperativity - Correct Answers -when an enzyme with multiple subunits can change its
ability to interact with substrate once it has interacted with substrate on one of its
subunits.
,Does cooperativity follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics? Why or why not? - Correct
Answers -It does not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics because the affinity of the
enzyme for the substrate (Km) changes.
What is an allosteric site? - Correct Answers -secondary site on an enzyme different to
the active site where regulators can bind.
What Michaelis-Menten parameters can binding at the allosteric site effect? - Correct
Answers -both Vmax and the Km
why is there an upper limit for cell size? - Correct Answers -if it is bigger, there will be a
lack of diffusion as cells get bigger, the SA:V ratio decreases so it makes it more difficult
for stuff to diffuse through
dimensions of life's components: 1A - Correct Answers -hydrogen atom, chemical bond
10^-10
dimensions of life's components: 1nm - Correct Answers -amino acid; glucose
10^-9
dimensions of life's components: 10nm - Correct Answers --globular protein (2-10nm)
-thickness of membrane (5-8nm)
10^-8
dimensions of life's components: 100nm - Correct Answers --ribosome (30nm)
-nuclear pore complex (150nm;pore 50)
10^-7
dimensions of life's components: 1um - Correct Answers -organelle; bacterium
10^-6
dimensions of life's components: 10um - Correct Answers -nucleated cell
10^-5
is a ribosome on the order of 10A across? - Correct Answers -no
prokaryotes: plasma membrane - Correct Answers -electron transport occurs there
which allows for atp production
prokaryotes: nucleoid region - Correct Answers -contains DNA, package DNA
prokaryotes: ribosomes - Correct Answers --mix of protein/RNA
-translation mRNA to protein
-float freely in cytoplasm
prokaryotes: cyotsol - Correct Answers --fluid in cytoplasm
, -such as ions, light proteins
-light weight stuff
prokaryotes: flagella - Correct Answers --Long protein motility structure that spin
prokaryotes: pili - Correct Answers -They help bacteria adhere to other cells/adhesion
prokaryotes: granules - Correct Answers -storage of lipids and carbs
prokaryotes: plasmids - Correct Answers -drug resistance
prokaryotes: convoluted inner membrane - Correct Answers -energy production
properties of plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells - Correct Answers --permeability
barrier
-selective transport of molecules in and out of cells
-maintain charge gradient
-cell shape and movement
-receptors for cell-cell communication
-location of membrane-associated enzyme reactions
eukaryotes: membrane-bounded organelles - Correct Answers --ER
-golgi apparatus
-vesicles
-mitochondria
-peroxisome
-lysosome
-chloroplasts
eukaryotes:cytoplasm - Correct Answers -1)cytosol
2)cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule)
3)organelles
eukaryotic nucleus (double membrane) - Correct Answers --has outer/inner membrane
-neoplasm
-chromatin which consists of histones
-nucleolus (assembly of ribosomes)
endomembrane system consists of - Correct Answers --endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-lysosome
-endosomes
-vacuoles
endomembrane system - Correct Answers -synthesis and localization of protein/lipids
