NUR 210 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Infection - Answer-caused by microorganisms and results in inflammation, *but not
all inflammations are caused by infections
NSAIDs - Answer-are aspirin and aspirin-like drugs that inhibit the enzyme COX,
which is needed for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
salycilates - Answer-Aspirin comes from the family of salicylates derived from
salicylic acid. Aspirin is also called acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after the acetyl group
used in the composition of aspirin
COX1 and COX2 - Answer-two enzyme forms of cyclooxygenase, symbolized as
COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 protects the stomach lining and regulates blood platelets,
promoting blood clotting. COX-2 triggers pain and inflammation at the injured site.
NSAID herbal alert - Answer-Dong quai, feverfew, garlic, ginger, and ginkgo may
cause bleeding when taken with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Immunosuppressives - Answer-are used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis
(arthritis that does not respond to antiinflammatory drugs). In low doses, selected
immunosuppressive agents have been effective in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis
Immunomodulators - Answer-treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis by
disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying disease progression. Interleukin
(IL-1) receptor antagonists and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers are two groups
of drugs classified as immunomodulators.
Gout - Answer-is an inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other
tissues. It may be called gouty arthritis. The most common site of acute gouty
inflammation is at the joint of the big toe. Gout is characterized by a uric acid
metabolism disorder and a defect in purine (products of certain proteins) metabolism,
which results in an increase in urates (uric acid salts) and an accumulation of uric
acid (hyperuricemia) or an ineffective clearance of uric acid by the kidneys.
drug interaction - Answer-is defined as an altered or modified action or effect of a
drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs
adverse drug reaction - Answer-is an undesirable drug effect that ranges from mild
untoward effects to severe toxic effects, including hypersensitivity reaction and
anaphylaxis.
Drug incompatibility - Answer-is a chemical or physical reaction that occurs among
two or more drugs in vitro. In other words, the reaction occurs between two or more
drugs within a syringe, IV bag, or other artificial environment outside of the body.
, Drugs that are highly protein bound - Answer-include the anticoagulant warfarin,
anticonvulsants such as phenytoin and valproic acid, gemfibrozil
(antihyperlipidemic), most nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
sulfisoxazole (sulfonamide), glyburide (antidiabetic), and quinidine (antidysrhythmic).
Warfarin (Coumadin) is 99% protein-bound, allowing only 1% to be free drug. If 2%
to 3% of warfarin is displaced from albumin binding sites, the amount of free warfarin
would be 3% to 4% instead of 1%. This action has the potential to increase the
anticoagulant effect of warfarin; excess bleeding may result.
Pharmacodynamic interactions - Answer-are those that result in additive, synergistic,
or antagonistic drug effects.
additive effect - Answer-and is the sum of the effects of the two drugs (can be either
good or bad)
synergistic effect - Answer-When two or more drugs are given together, one drug
can potentiate or have a synergistic effect on another. In other words, the clinical
effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the tw
antagonistic effects - Answer-When two drugs that have opposite effects, or
antagonistic effects, are administered together, each drug cancels the effect of the
other. In other words, the actions of both drugs are nullified.
photosensitivity - Answer-A drug-induced photosensitivity reaction is a skin reaction
caused by exposure to sunlight. It is caused by the interaction of a drug and
exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, which can cause cellular damage
Subjective data - Answer-Subjective data are symptoms described by and apparent
to the patient.
Objective data - Answer-Objective data are signs that are measured and detected by
another person (the nurse)
nursing diagnosis - Answer-A nursing diagnosis is made based on the analysis of the
assessment data. Abnormal data collected during the assessment serve as the
defining characteristics (for an actual problem) or risk factors (for a high risk for a
problem) to support the appropriate nursing diagnosis. More than one applicable
nursing diagnosis may be generated. The registered nurse formulates nursing
diagnoses and uses them to guide the development of a care plan
agonists - Answer-Drugs that produce a response are called agonists
antagonists - Answer-drugs that block a response are called antagonists
The therapeutic range - Answer-The therapeutic range (therapeutic window) of a
drug concentration in plasma is the level of drug between the minimum effective
concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and the minimum toxic
concentration (the toxic effect)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Infection - Answer-caused by microorganisms and results in inflammation, *but not
all inflammations are caused by infections
NSAIDs - Answer-are aspirin and aspirin-like drugs that inhibit the enzyme COX,
which is needed for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
salycilates - Answer-Aspirin comes from the family of salicylates derived from
salicylic acid. Aspirin is also called acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) after the acetyl group
used in the composition of aspirin
COX1 and COX2 - Answer-two enzyme forms of cyclooxygenase, symbolized as
COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 protects the stomach lining and regulates blood platelets,
promoting blood clotting. COX-2 triggers pain and inflammation at the injured site.
NSAID herbal alert - Answer-Dong quai, feverfew, garlic, ginger, and ginkgo may
cause bleeding when taken with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Immunosuppressives - Answer-are used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis
(arthritis that does not respond to antiinflammatory drugs). In low doses, selected
immunosuppressive agents have been effective in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis
Immunomodulators - Answer-treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis by
disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying disease progression. Interleukin
(IL-1) receptor antagonists and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers are two groups
of drugs classified as immunomodulators.
Gout - Answer-is an inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other
tissues. It may be called gouty arthritis. The most common site of acute gouty
inflammation is at the joint of the big toe. Gout is characterized by a uric acid
metabolism disorder and a defect in purine (products of certain proteins) metabolism,
which results in an increase in urates (uric acid salts) and an accumulation of uric
acid (hyperuricemia) or an ineffective clearance of uric acid by the kidneys.
drug interaction - Answer-is defined as an altered or modified action or effect of a
drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple drugs
adverse drug reaction - Answer-is an undesirable drug effect that ranges from mild
untoward effects to severe toxic effects, including hypersensitivity reaction and
anaphylaxis.
Drug incompatibility - Answer-is a chemical or physical reaction that occurs among
two or more drugs in vitro. In other words, the reaction occurs between two or more
drugs within a syringe, IV bag, or other artificial environment outside of the body.
, Drugs that are highly protein bound - Answer-include the anticoagulant warfarin,
anticonvulsants such as phenytoin and valproic acid, gemfibrozil
(antihyperlipidemic), most nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
sulfisoxazole (sulfonamide), glyburide (antidiabetic), and quinidine (antidysrhythmic).
Warfarin (Coumadin) is 99% protein-bound, allowing only 1% to be free drug. If 2%
to 3% of warfarin is displaced from albumin binding sites, the amount of free warfarin
would be 3% to 4% instead of 1%. This action has the potential to increase the
anticoagulant effect of warfarin; excess bleeding may result.
Pharmacodynamic interactions - Answer-are those that result in additive, synergistic,
or antagonistic drug effects.
additive effect - Answer-and is the sum of the effects of the two drugs (can be either
good or bad)
synergistic effect - Answer-When two or more drugs are given together, one drug
can potentiate or have a synergistic effect on another. In other words, the clinical
effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the tw
antagonistic effects - Answer-When two drugs that have opposite effects, or
antagonistic effects, are administered together, each drug cancels the effect of the
other. In other words, the actions of both drugs are nullified.
photosensitivity - Answer-A drug-induced photosensitivity reaction is a skin reaction
caused by exposure to sunlight. It is caused by the interaction of a drug and
exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, which can cause cellular damage
Subjective data - Answer-Subjective data are symptoms described by and apparent
to the patient.
Objective data - Answer-Objective data are signs that are measured and detected by
another person (the nurse)
nursing diagnosis - Answer-A nursing diagnosis is made based on the analysis of the
assessment data. Abnormal data collected during the assessment serve as the
defining characteristics (for an actual problem) or risk factors (for a high risk for a
problem) to support the appropriate nursing diagnosis. More than one applicable
nursing diagnosis may be generated. The registered nurse formulates nursing
diagnoses and uses them to guide the development of a care plan
agonists - Answer-Drugs that produce a response are called agonists
antagonists - Answer-drugs that block a response are called antagonists
The therapeutic range - Answer-The therapeutic range (therapeutic window) of a
drug concentration in plasma is the level of drug between the minimum effective
concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and the minimum toxic
concentration (the toxic effect)
