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Belmont Report (1979) - (Correct Answer)ethical principles and guidelines for the
protection of human subjects of research.
respect for persons - (Correct Answer)individuals should be treated as autonomous
agents and persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection
An autonomous person - (Correct Answer)A person capable of deliberation about
personal goals and of acting under the 你是想要一篇“眼睛容易阅读
direction of such deliberation
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Beneficence - (Correct Answer)Do not harm and maximize possible benefits and
minimize possible harms
Justice - (Correct Answer)1) to each person an equal share 2) to each person
according to individual need 3) to each person according to individual effort 4) to
each person according to societal contributions 5) to each person according to
merit
,Justice - (Correct Answer)· The selection of research subjects needs to be
scrutinized in order to determine whether some classes are being systematically
selected simply because of their easy availability, their compromised position, or
their manipulability, rather than for reasons directly related to the problem being
studied.
Justice - (Correct Answer)· Whenever research supported by public funds leads to
the development of therapeutic devices and procedures, justice demands both that
these not provide advantages only to those who can afford them and that such
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research should not unduly involve persons from groups unlikely to be among the
beneficiaries of subsequent applications of the research.
Three elements of the consent process - (Correct Answer)information,
comprehension, voluntariness
,What is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study
employing human subjects - (Correct Answer)Determining the study has a
maximization of benefits and a minimization of risks
What are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report? - (Correct
Answer)Respect for persons, beneficence, justice
The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons incorporates at least 2 ethical
convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and
second, that: - (Correct Answer)Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to
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protection
Nuremberg Code (1947) - (Correct Answer)1) a requirements for voluntary consent
2) the research must have scientific merit 3) The benefits of the research must
outweigh the risks 4) Subjects have the ability to terminate participation in the
research at any time
, National Research Act (1974) - (Correct Answer)1) Authorized the creation of the
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and
Behavioral Research, which was charged with developing an ethical code and
guidelines for researchers 2) Required the establishment of IRBs at organizations
receiving PHS support for human subject's research
The National Commission (1975-1978 - (Correct Answer)Issued a series of reports
on vulnerable populations (such as fetuses, children, prisoners, and the "mentally
infirm") psychosurgery, IRBs, and other topics that included recommendations for
regulating human subjects' research. These recommendations had significant
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influence on the development of the federal regulations governing human subject
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research.
45 CFR 46 - (Correct Answer)Also known as the Common Rule, this legislation
established the role of institutional review boards (IRBs) for research on human
rights.
Additional protection for these individuals in research - (Correct Answer)1)
pregnant women, human fetuses, and neonates 2) children 3) prisoners