BIOC450 MT1 TEST WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS
What is the overall structure of a glycerophospholipid; draw an example - ANSWER -
phosphate group connected to head and glycerol
- acyl chains off of the glycerol
List the glycerophospholipid head groups in order of ... - ANSWER
Draw choline. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylcholine lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PC
- zwitterionic
- net charge 0
Draw ethanolamine. What is the charge state and net charge on a
phosphatidylethanolamine lipid? What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PE
- zwitterionic
- net charge 0
Draw serine. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylserine lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PS
- anionic
- net charge -1
Draw glycerol. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylglycerol lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PG
- neutral R group
- overall lipid anionic
- net charge -1
Draw inositol. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylinositol lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PI
- neutral R group
- anionic lipid
- net charge -1
What are the 4 types of fatty acyl chains discussed in this course? - ANSWER - myristic
, - palmitic
- oleic
- linoleic
What is myristic acid? - ANSWER C 14:0
What is palmitic acid? - ANSWER C 16:0
What is oleic acid? - ANSWER C 18:1 (monounsaturated omega 9)
What is linoleic acid? - ANSWER C 18:2 (polyunsaturated omega 6)
- cis,cis-9,12
How does the omega nomenclature work for lipids? - ANSWER - omega = counting from
end
How does the other nomenclature work for lipids? - ANSWER number from carboxylic
acid (the C=O = 1)
What drives the formation of lipid bilayers? - ANSWER - hydrophobic effect: solvation of
amphiphilic lipids drives clustering of acyl chains to exclude water, while allowing
headgroups to be solvated and form favourable hydrogen-bonds and electrostatic
interactions
- phase separation
What controls the properties of the lipid bilayer? - ANSWER - molecular makeup of
headgroups + acyl chains
- impacts stability, fluidity, thickness, curvature
What is the consequence of lipids being noncovalently associated in bilayers? -
ANSWER - bilayers are adaptable to changes by altering the lipid compositions
What are the general properties of cholesterol? - ANSWER - steroid lipid only in
eukaryotes
- planar fused-ring core is rigid compared to other lipids
- packs against acyl chains of neighbouring lipids, reducing flexibility at higher temps
and preventing clustering at lower temps
- stabilizes membrane
- common component of lipid rafts
What is cardiolipin? - ANSWER - diphospholipid with 4 alkyl chains (essentially a dimer
of PG)
What is the overall structure of a glycerophospholipid; draw an example - ANSWER -
phosphate group connected to head and glycerol
- acyl chains off of the glycerol
List the glycerophospholipid head groups in order of ... - ANSWER
Draw choline. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylcholine lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PC
- zwitterionic
- net charge 0
Draw ethanolamine. What is the charge state and net charge on a
phosphatidylethanolamine lipid? What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PE
- zwitterionic
- net charge 0
Draw serine. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylserine lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PS
- anionic
- net charge -1
Draw glycerol. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylglycerol lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PG
- neutral R group
- overall lipid anionic
- net charge -1
Draw inositol. What is the charge state and net charge on a phosphatidylinositol lipid?
What is the abbreviation? - ANSWER - PI
- neutral R group
- anionic lipid
- net charge -1
What are the 4 types of fatty acyl chains discussed in this course? - ANSWER - myristic
, - palmitic
- oleic
- linoleic
What is myristic acid? - ANSWER C 14:0
What is palmitic acid? - ANSWER C 16:0
What is oleic acid? - ANSWER C 18:1 (monounsaturated omega 9)
What is linoleic acid? - ANSWER C 18:2 (polyunsaturated omega 6)
- cis,cis-9,12
How does the omega nomenclature work for lipids? - ANSWER - omega = counting from
end
How does the other nomenclature work for lipids? - ANSWER number from carboxylic
acid (the C=O = 1)
What drives the formation of lipid bilayers? - ANSWER - hydrophobic effect: solvation of
amphiphilic lipids drives clustering of acyl chains to exclude water, while allowing
headgroups to be solvated and form favourable hydrogen-bonds and electrostatic
interactions
- phase separation
What controls the properties of the lipid bilayer? - ANSWER - molecular makeup of
headgroups + acyl chains
- impacts stability, fluidity, thickness, curvature
What is the consequence of lipids being noncovalently associated in bilayers? -
ANSWER - bilayers are adaptable to changes by altering the lipid compositions
What are the general properties of cholesterol? - ANSWER - steroid lipid only in
eukaryotes
- planar fused-ring core is rigid compared to other lipids
- packs against acyl chains of neighbouring lipids, reducing flexibility at higher temps
and preventing clustering at lower temps
- stabilizes membrane
- common component of lipid rafts
What is cardiolipin? - ANSWER - diphospholipid with 4 alkyl chains (essentially a dimer
of PG)
