MTEL Exam - Foundations of Reading
Questions & Answers
Phonemes - ANSWERSIn language, the distinctive sound unit that separates words from each
other
Ex. p, b, d, and t in the words pad, pat, bad, and bat
Onsets - ANSWERSthe initial phonological unit of any word
Ex. "Cat" , C- AT, C is the onset.
Rimes - ANSWERSThe string of letters that follow, usually a vowel or consonant
Ex. "Cat", C-AT, AT is the rime.
Orally Segmenting - ANSWERSSeparating words into their component sounds
Ex. Pig becomes P-I-G.
Phonological Awareness Continuum - ANSWERSA set of skills that develop over time and are
crucial for reading and spelling success. They are central to learning to decode and spell printed
words.
Ex. Listening -> Rhyme & Alliteration -> Sentence Segmentation -> Syllables -> Onsets & Rimes ->
Phonemes
, Phonological Awareness - ANSWERSAwareness of and ability to work with sounds in spoken
language
Ex. Being able to identify words that rhyme, recognize alliteration, segment a sentence into
words, identify syllables, etc
Letter Sound Correspondence - ANSWERSThe relationship of letters in the alphabet to the
sounds they produce
Emergent Reading Development - ANSWERSBeing at the beginning of a reading journey.
Beginning by learning the alphabet and as they advance beginning to recognize the difference
between uppercase and lowercase letters
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERSThe understanding that there are systemic and predictable
relations between written and spoken sounds, Phonics instruction aids this understanding
greatly.
Decoding - ANSWERSTranslating printed words to sounds or reading
Encoding - ANSWERSUsing individual sounds to build written words
Orthographic Rime - ANSWERSUnits consisting of a vowel grapheme and a final consonant
grapheme. "Rimes" are letters that come after the "onset".
Onset - ANSWERSThe initial consonant sounds or blend such as b- in bag and sw- in swim that
changes the meaning of a word.
Rime - ANSWERSThe string of letters that appear after the initial consonant.
Questions & Answers
Phonemes - ANSWERSIn language, the distinctive sound unit that separates words from each
other
Ex. p, b, d, and t in the words pad, pat, bad, and bat
Onsets - ANSWERSthe initial phonological unit of any word
Ex. "Cat" , C- AT, C is the onset.
Rimes - ANSWERSThe string of letters that follow, usually a vowel or consonant
Ex. "Cat", C-AT, AT is the rime.
Orally Segmenting - ANSWERSSeparating words into their component sounds
Ex. Pig becomes P-I-G.
Phonological Awareness Continuum - ANSWERSA set of skills that develop over time and are
crucial for reading and spelling success. They are central to learning to decode and spell printed
words.
Ex. Listening -> Rhyme & Alliteration -> Sentence Segmentation -> Syllables -> Onsets & Rimes ->
Phonemes
, Phonological Awareness - ANSWERSAwareness of and ability to work with sounds in spoken
language
Ex. Being able to identify words that rhyme, recognize alliteration, segment a sentence into
words, identify syllables, etc
Letter Sound Correspondence - ANSWERSThe relationship of letters in the alphabet to the
sounds they produce
Emergent Reading Development - ANSWERSBeing at the beginning of a reading journey.
Beginning by learning the alphabet and as they advance beginning to recognize the difference
between uppercase and lowercase letters
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWERSThe understanding that there are systemic and predictable
relations between written and spoken sounds, Phonics instruction aids this understanding
greatly.
Decoding - ANSWERSTranslating printed words to sounds or reading
Encoding - ANSWERSUsing individual sounds to build written words
Orthographic Rime - ANSWERSUnits consisting of a vowel grapheme and a final consonant
grapheme. "Rimes" are letters that come after the "onset".
Onset - ANSWERSThe initial consonant sounds or blend such as b- in bag and sw- in swim that
changes the meaning of a word.
Rime - ANSWERSThe string of letters that appear after the initial consonant.
