Human Body Systems Final Exam
Questions with Verified Answers
Epithelial Tissues - ANSWER-Widespread throughout the body
Form covering of all body surfaces
Line body cavities and hollow organs
Major tissue in glands
Perform variety of function that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion,
filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-Bind structures together
Form a framework
Support for organs and body as a whole
Store fat, transport substances
Protect against disease
Help repair tissue damage
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER-Composed of cells that have special ability to shorten or
contract in order to produce movement of the body parts
Highly cellular and well supplied with blood vessels
Long and slender, called muscle fibers
Arranged in bundles that are surrounded by connective tissue
Actin and myosin are contractile proteins in muscle tissue
Nervous Tissue - ANSWER-Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
Stimulates muscle contraction, creates awareness of the enviroment, plays major
role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
Cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of
electrical nerve impulses
Bone Features for Identity - ANSWER-Forensic anthropologist trained to analyze
secrets locked in bone's shape and structure and can use info to help solve crimes,
trace human origins, or idenrify those gone missing
They use a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures to predict traits
from bone
Features help identify a deceased from his/her skeletal remains bearing
characteristics of ancestry, sex, stature, age and trauma
Bones that identify for sex - ANSWER-Pelvis, skull, femur, tibia, humerus identity
what
Bones that identify for race - ANSWER-Skull identifies what
Bones that identify for height - ANSWER-Femur, tibia, humerus identify what
Bones that identify for age - ANSWER-Pelvis, femur, tibia, humerus identify what
,DNA - ANSWER-Double Helix
Carries genetic information
Sugar/phosphate backbone
Sugar- deoxyribose
Bases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Base pairing- A to T, C to G
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - ANSWER-Denaturation- 94°C (201.2°F),
double stranded DNA melts and opens into two pieces of single stranded DNA
Annealing- 54°C (129.2°F), primers pair up (anneal) with single stranded "template"
(the sequence of DNA to be copied)
Small length of double stranded DNA. Polymerase attaches and starts copying the
template
Extension- 72°C (161.1°F). Polymerase works best, DNA building blocks
complementary to template are coupled to primer, making double stranded DNA
molecule
Restriction Enzyme - ANSWER-an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition
nucleotide sequences
Such enzymes, found in bacteria are thought to have evolved to provide a defense
mechanism against invading viruses.
Your specific code determines the number of times this set of scissors will snip and
the number and size of DNA pieces that will be left behind.
These pieces can then be separated and compared using the process of gel
electrophoresis.
As these fragments move, their varying lengths propel them through the gel at
different speeds.
Scientists can use these RFLPs, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, a set
of DNA puzzle pieces unique to only you, to create a pattern called a DNA
fingerprint.
Gel Electrophoresis - ANSWER-Restriction enzymes cleave DNA into smaller
segments of various sizes
DNA segments are loaded into wells in porous gel. Gel floats in buffer solution within
chamber between two electrodes
When electric current is passed through chamber, DNA fragments move toward
positively-charged cathode.
Smaller DNA segments move faster and farther than larger DNA segments
Central Nervous System - ANSWER-composed of the brain and spinal cord. Your
brain and spinal cord serve as the main "processing center" for the entire nervous
system, and control all the workings of your body.
Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER-The portion of the nervous system that is
outside the brain and spinal cord. Connects and sends messages to CNS.
Occipital Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes vision
Temporal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes language
, Parietal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes touch (hands, fingers, face,
and lips)
Frontal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain at is Specialized in planning and voluntary
movement, paying attention, interpreting our emotions and social situations
Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER-This part of the brain Houses the four lobes of the brain;
two hemispheres; most complex thinking: remembering an interpreting emotions
Limbic System - ANSWER-This part of the braim Satisfies biological needs,
reproduction, and emotion, memory.
Hypothalamus - ANSWER-The part of the brain that controls Hunger, thirst, sex drive
Pituitary Gland - ANSWER-Cycles of consciousness thalamus processes all sensory
information to cerebral cortex
Hippocampus - ANSWER-The brain part that controls Formation and storage of new
memories
Amygdala - ANSWER-The part of the brain that Processes associations between
unpleasant emotions and memory for those emotions.
Basal Gangila - ANSWER-Group of neurons working together to help plan and
produce movement (Parkinson's)
Medulla - ANSWER-The part of the brain that Controls basic autonomic functions
like circulation, breathing, digestion
Pons - ANSWER-Relay station from hindbrain to cerebral cortex
Cerebellum - ANSWER-Part of the brain that controls Coordination of motor function
Brainstem - ANSWER-Lowest part of brain; basics of life support, and neurons that
control sensory/motor skills
Sensory Neurons - ANSWER-a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Association Neuron - ANSWER-neurons found in the brain and spinal cord that
conduct impulses between neurons
Motor Neuron - ANSWER-a neuron that conveys impulses from the central nervous
system to a muscle, gland, or other effector tissue
Action Potential - ANSWER-Resting Potential- outside concentration of Na+ is higher
than inside K+ (vice versa).
Depolarization- Potassium channel closed Na rushes in and causes the cell interior
to become more positive. Depolarizes that region of the membrane.
Questions with Verified Answers
Epithelial Tissues - ANSWER-Widespread throughout the body
Form covering of all body surfaces
Line body cavities and hollow organs
Major tissue in glands
Perform variety of function that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion,
filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception
Connective Tissue - ANSWER-Bind structures together
Form a framework
Support for organs and body as a whole
Store fat, transport substances
Protect against disease
Help repair tissue damage
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER-Composed of cells that have special ability to shorten or
contract in order to produce movement of the body parts
Highly cellular and well supplied with blood vessels
Long and slender, called muscle fibers
Arranged in bundles that are surrounded by connective tissue
Actin and myosin are contractile proteins in muscle tissue
Nervous Tissue - ANSWER-Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
Stimulates muscle contraction, creates awareness of the enviroment, plays major
role in emotions, memory, and reasoning
Cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate with each other by way of
electrical nerve impulses
Bone Features for Identity - ANSWER-Forensic anthropologist trained to analyze
secrets locked in bone's shape and structure and can use info to help solve crimes,
trace human origins, or idenrify those gone missing
They use a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures to predict traits
from bone
Features help identify a deceased from his/her skeletal remains bearing
characteristics of ancestry, sex, stature, age and trauma
Bones that identify for sex - ANSWER-Pelvis, skull, femur, tibia, humerus identity
what
Bones that identify for race - ANSWER-Skull identifies what
Bones that identify for height - ANSWER-Femur, tibia, humerus identify what
Bones that identify for age - ANSWER-Pelvis, femur, tibia, humerus identify what
,DNA - ANSWER-Double Helix
Carries genetic information
Sugar/phosphate backbone
Sugar- deoxyribose
Bases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Base pairing- A to T, C to G
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - ANSWER-Denaturation- 94°C (201.2°F),
double stranded DNA melts and opens into two pieces of single stranded DNA
Annealing- 54°C (129.2°F), primers pair up (anneal) with single stranded "template"
(the sequence of DNA to be copied)
Small length of double stranded DNA. Polymerase attaches and starts copying the
template
Extension- 72°C (161.1°F). Polymerase works best, DNA building blocks
complementary to template are coupled to primer, making double stranded DNA
molecule
Restriction Enzyme - ANSWER-an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition
nucleotide sequences
Such enzymes, found in bacteria are thought to have evolved to provide a defense
mechanism against invading viruses.
Your specific code determines the number of times this set of scissors will snip and
the number and size of DNA pieces that will be left behind.
These pieces can then be separated and compared using the process of gel
electrophoresis.
As these fragments move, their varying lengths propel them through the gel at
different speeds.
Scientists can use these RFLPs, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, a set
of DNA puzzle pieces unique to only you, to create a pattern called a DNA
fingerprint.
Gel Electrophoresis - ANSWER-Restriction enzymes cleave DNA into smaller
segments of various sizes
DNA segments are loaded into wells in porous gel. Gel floats in buffer solution within
chamber between two electrodes
When electric current is passed through chamber, DNA fragments move toward
positively-charged cathode.
Smaller DNA segments move faster and farther than larger DNA segments
Central Nervous System - ANSWER-composed of the brain and spinal cord. Your
brain and spinal cord serve as the main "processing center" for the entire nervous
system, and control all the workings of your body.
Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER-The portion of the nervous system that is
outside the brain and spinal cord. Connects and sends messages to CNS.
Occipital Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes vision
Temporal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes language
, Parietal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain that Processes touch (hands, fingers, face,
and lips)
Frontal Lobe - ANSWER-Part of brain at is Specialized in planning and voluntary
movement, paying attention, interpreting our emotions and social situations
Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER-This part of the brain Houses the four lobes of the brain;
two hemispheres; most complex thinking: remembering an interpreting emotions
Limbic System - ANSWER-This part of the braim Satisfies biological needs,
reproduction, and emotion, memory.
Hypothalamus - ANSWER-The part of the brain that controls Hunger, thirst, sex drive
Pituitary Gland - ANSWER-Cycles of consciousness thalamus processes all sensory
information to cerebral cortex
Hippocampus - ANSWER-The brain part that controls Formation and storage of new
memories
Amygdala - ANSWER-The part of the brain that Processes associations between
unpleasant emotions and memory for those emotions.
Basal Gangila - ANSWER-Group of neurons working together to help plan and
produce movement (Parkinson's)
Medulla - ANSWER-The part of the brain that Controls basic autonomic functions
like circulation, breathing, digestion
Pons - ANSWER-Relay station from hindbrain to cerebral cortex
Cerebellum - ANSWER-Part of the brain that controls Coordination of motor function
Brainstem - ANSWER-Lowest part of brain; basics of life support, and neurons that
control sensory/motor skills
Sensory Neurons - ANSWER-a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Association Neuron - ANSWER-neurons found in the brain and spinal cord that
conduct impulses between neurons
Motor Neuron - ANSWER-a neuron that conveys impulses from the central nervous
system to a muscle, gland, or other effector tissue
Action Potential - ANSWER-Resting Potential- outside concentration of Na+ is higher
than inside K+ (vice versa).
Depolarization- Potassium channel closed Na rushes in and causes the cell interior
to become more positive. Depolarizes that region of the membrane.
